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Abstract. Serum thyroglobulin (tg) levels were measured in 112 patients with proved differentiated thyroid carcinoma (6 pre-operative, 32 post-operative and 74 in whom thyroidectomy was followed by radioiodine treatment). The tg levels were within the normal range in patients who had a residual mass in the neck region after surgery and who were in remission. The patients with metastases showed a wide range (undetectable to microgram quantities) of tg in circulation. The analysis of serum tg with respect to histology showed that the follicular variety of carcinoma tends to show higher tg in serum than the papillary type. Metastatic involvement of bone was associated with much higher serum tg levels than other sites such as lung and lymph node. Thirteen patients with bone metastases of non-thyroidal primary origin had tg levels within the normal range. Serum tg estimation is useful in excluding thyroid as a primary site in patients with bone metastases of unknown primary origin.

Quasi-static (0.0033 s À1 ) and dynamic (10 3 s À1 ) compression experiments were performed on single crystal copper along h100i and h110i directions and best-fit parameters for the Johnson-Cook (JC) material model, which is an important input to hydrodynamic simulations for shock induced fracture, have been obtained. The deformation of single crystal copper along the h110i direction showed high yield strength, more strain hardening, and less strain rate sensitivity as compared to the h100i direction. Although the JC model at the macro-scale is easy to apply and describes a general response of material deformation, it lacks physical mechanisms that describe the influence of texture and initial orientation on the material response. Hence, a crystal plasticity model based on the theory of thermally activated motion of dislocations was used at the meso-scale, in which the evolution equations permit one to study and quantify the influence of initial orientation on the material response. Hardening parameters of the crystal plasticity model show less strain rate sensitivity along the h110i orientation as compared to the h100i orientation, as also shown by the JC model. Since the deformation process is inherently multiscale in nature, the shape changes observed in the experiments due to loading along h100i and h110i directions are also validated by molecular dynamics simulations at the nano-scale. V C 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.

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