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The production and marketing of rice cultivation have been studied in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh during 2018-19. Tools such as costs and returns, marketing margins, input use efficiency, marketing margins and price spread were used for the study. The results have shown that the Benefit-Cost ratiois 1.05. The input use efficiency has shown a negative significance for chemical fertilizers,pesticides and seed rate. The price spread analysis has shown that the producers receive 27% of the consumer price. Marketing margin for the adopted marketing channel was worked out by comparing the prices prevailing at each stage of marketing. Since used prices were related to a particular point of time and as small concurrent margins were also worked out.

The study examined the energy use pattern of zero budget natural farming (ZBNF) in rice production. Operation wise energy usage in rice production was calculated in this study. From the results, natural fertilizers and manures were found to be the dominant source of energy and the lowest is seed energy in rice production. The energy use efficiency shows 4.83 MJ per ha output energy utilised per 1 MJ ha-1 input energy. The net energy was found to be 54645.75 MJ per hectare rice production in the study.

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