Three-dimensional printing is a revolutionary technique that uses computer aided design software and programming to create three dimensional objects by placing material on a substrate. 3D printing is an additive layer manufacturing techniques, where consecutive layers of material are deposited or solidified to form a 3D structure. Medicinal substances is configured in three dimensional with computer assisted design module and transformed to a machine legible form which suggests the exterior emerge of the 3D dose form, then it sliced this surface into number of different printable coats and convey these layers to the machine. The different 3D printing techniques has been developing and developed to fabricate novel solid dosage forms, which are among the most well-known and discrete products today. The 3D printing process desires to be espoused by pharmaceutical sector and capable of exploring the marvels fetched by the approach. 3D printing can include a very new possibilities to optimized medicine. The current review is an effort of briefing various methods

To develop and validate a RP-HPLC method for the determination of selected anti- leukemic drugs in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations using Design of experiments. Development of the chromatographic method is based on design of experiments (DOE) approach, utilizing two level full factorial design for screening and Box-Behnken experimental design for optimization. In order to identify the significant parameters for the optimization, by simultaneously registering the main, interaction and quadratic effects of three factors such as volume of methanol (X1), concentration of buffer(X2) and flow rate (X3) on the selected responses like capacity factor K1 of first eluted peak  (Y1), resolution of critical peaks RS (1,2) (Y2) and amp; RS (2,3) (Y3) and retention time of last peak tR4 (Y4) as responses. Analytes were separated on a Onyx monolithic- C18 (100×4.6mm) with mobile phase comprising Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (0.01M), Methanol and Acetonitrile in ratio of (30:34.29:35.71), with flow rate of 0.723 mL/min and pH 3.5 adjusted with dilute orthophosphoric acid. Total chromatographic analysis time per samples was approximately 5 minutes with DST(IS), IMT, IBT and SFN eluting with retention times of 2.64, 3.05, 3.81 and 4.59 minutes respectively. Calibration curves were linear over selected range 0.997 for the all analytes. The method was sensitive with the LODs were 10.457, 13.07 and 26.169 ng/mL and LOQs were 31.68, 39.6 and 79.3ng/mL for IMT, IBT and SFN respectively. Inter and Intra-day precision data (in terms of %RSD) was fond to be less than ≥3 respectively, Recoveries ranged ≥102±2% for Imatinib- Gleevec, Ibrutinib- Imbruvica and Sorafenib- Nexavar. The obtained results corroborated the potential of the proposed method for determination of all the three anti-leukemic drugs for routine analysis for products of similar type and composition.

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Drugs, vital weapons in healthcare, are only used in therapeutics after being tested in the lab. In both animals and humans, the roles of cells and organs are essentially the same. Many of the functions of animal cells are similar to those of human cells. Humans are classified as animals biologically. Animals are used to study how diseases impact living tissue, develop and test interventions, including animal medications, and educate future scientists and health-care practitioners. Animals have also played an important role in the advancement of research; several new drug discoveries have been made possible thanks to animal testing. Animal experimentation has its drawbacks, which include animal procurement, the complexity of conducting animal experiments, stringent rules, ethical considerations, and, more often than not, the interests of students. That is why, in today's world, other approaches and emerging technology, such as computer simulations, are increasingly replacing animal use. The article reveals animals used in experimental pharmacology. Alternatives for using animals in pharmacology education, on the other hand, have been suggested.

Most of the plant sources produce positive effect in human beings with recommended dose. Plants are rich in phytochemicals may help to prevent the body's defense against viruses, bacteria and other causing agents. Phytochemicals help to regulate hormones such as estrogen and insulin. Excess levels of these hormones increased the risk of breast and colon cancer. It inhibits inflammation, retard cell growth and works as a antioxidant, may aid immunity and boost production of detoxifying enzymes in the body. It blocks the carcinogens and prevent tumor growth. According to World Health Organization, medicinal plants would be the best source to obtain a variety of drugs. The aim of the study was to evaluate the phytochemical activity of ethanolic extract of aerial parts of Cordia obliqua Willd. Ethanol is the most common Bio-solvent obtained by the fermentation of sugar-rich materials such as sugar beet and cereals. The aerial parts were collected and extract prepared from ethanol by hot continuous percolation method in Soxhlet apparatus for 24 hours. The phytochemical screening results reveal the presence of tannins, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, triterpenes, saponins, gum and mucilage showed stronger protective action against life threatening diseases.