Suatu desain pembelajaran perlu dirancang dengan baik oleh guru yang disesuaikan dengan tujuan pembelajaran yang akan dicapai. Perancangan desain pembelajaran tersebut tentunya memperhatikan standar kompetensi, kompetensi dasar, indikator dan tujuan pembelajaran. Termasuk dalam pembelajaran berbicara perlu dirancang desain pembelajarannya. Pembelajaran berbicara yang dirancang dengan baik akan dapat bermakna bagi siswa dan mengajarkan nilai-nilai, termasuk nilai moral kemanusiaan, salah satu pembelajaran berbicara yang dapat diterapkan adalah melalui bermain peran. Oleh sebab itu, berikut akan dijabarkan desain pembelajaran berbicara melalui bermain peran untuk mengenalkan nilai-nilai moral kemanusiaan, yang terdiri dari: (1) pembelajaran berbicara, (2) nilai moral kemanusiaan, (3) ruang lingkup nilai-nilai kemanusiaan dalam sastra, (4) bermain peran, (5) langkah-langkah pembelajaran bermain peran, dan (6) teknik dan prosedur penilaian berbicara melalui bermain peran. Sehingga, melalui bermain peran, guru dapat menjadikan pembelajaran menjadi bermakna dan juga mengenalkan nilai-nilai moral kemanusiaan untuk dapat diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari bagi siswa.
Kata Kunci : pembelajaran berbicara, nilai kemanusiaan, bermain peran.
This study aimed to develop STEM-based chemistry textbooks on reaction rate topic, in order to improve students' problem solving skills. Textbooks are developed using the Research & Development (R&D) scheme with feasibility indicators seen from the validity and effectiveness of textbooks. The developed textbook was then tested using a one group pretest-postest design research, where the research subjects were 30 students of class XI at SMA Wachid Hasyim 1 Surabaya. The research data were obtained from expert validation sheets and student problem solving skills test sheets. Based on the research conducted, it was found that 1) the textbook developed had a validity score of 3.70 and was categorized as very valid, 2) the increase in student problem solving skills classically obtained was 0.75, in the high category, 3) the percentage of completeness a test of student problem solving skills by 90%, so that STEM-based textbooks can be state to be effective in improving students' problem solving skills. Based on these results, it can be conclude that STEM-based textbooks developed feasible to improve students' problem solving skills.
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