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We compared the effect of human flt3 ligand (FL) and stem cell factor (SCF) on cord blood (CB)‐derived CD34+ cells expressing different levels of flt3 or c‐kit tyrosine kinase (TK) receptor in clonal cell culture. The c‐kit receptor was expressed by 58.5±16.7% of CB CD34+ cells (n = 19), in which c‐kithigh, c‐kitlow and c‐kit‐ cell populations could be identified. In contrast, the flt3 receptor (FR) was weakly expressed on 58.6±8.3% (n = 9) of CB CD34+ cells. FL+erythropoietin (Epo) failed to support erythroid burst (BFU–E) formation by any subpopulation of CD34+ cells. However, SCF+Epo supported BFU–E and erythrocyte‐containing mixed (CFU–mix) colony formation from all subpopulations. Interestingly, FL markedly augmented CFU–mix colony formation supported by interleukin (IL)‐ 3+Epo when CD34+c‐kitlow or CD34+FR+ cells were used as the target. On the other hand, SCF significantly enhanced CFU‐mix colony formation supported by IL‐3+Epo when CD34+c‐kithigh or low and CD34+FR+ cells were used. The replating potential of CFU–mix supported by IL‐3 + Epo + FL was greater when CD34+c‐kitlow or CD34+FR+ cells were used. When the CD34+c‐kitlow cells were used, the number of lineages expressed in secondary cultures of CFU–mix colonies derived from primary cultures containing IL‐3 + Epo+FL or SCF was significantly larger than when the primary cultures contained IL‐3+Epo. Furthermore, the number of long‐term culture‐initiating cells found in CD34+FR+ cells was larger than that in FR‐ cells. CB‐derived CD34+c‐kitlow cells represent a less mature population than c‐kithigh cells, as reported previously. Therefore, these results indicate that both FL and SCF can act on primitive multipotential progenitors. However, it is still uncertain whether CB‐derived CD34+FR+ cells are less mature than CD34+FR‐ cells.

A 44-year-old Japanese male having refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) preceding acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMoL) with dysplastic marrow eosinophilia (M4Eo in the FAB classification) is reported. Sequential cytogenetic studies revealed a specific chromosomal abnormality, inv(16) (p13q22), when RAEB was first diagnosed and again when overt leukemic transformation compatible with M4Eo was manifested. However, during the interval between the RAEB and AMMoL, an unrelated abnormal karyotype without inv(16), 47, XY,+9, was seen, when hematological data revealed remission after a low dose of cytosine arabinoside was administered. In this patient eosinophils in the marrow were involved in the leukemic process cytogenetically, because a few metaphases overlaid with eosinophilic granules had the inv(16) with other numerical abnormalities.

Using a human myeloperoxidase cDNA, we have mapped the human myeloperoxidase gene to chromosome 17 at q21.3→q23 by in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes from human lymphocyte preparations.

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