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Water-immersion restraint stress increased secretory activity of mast cells and led to the formation of erosive lesions in the gastric mucosa. Intraperitoneal administration of amylin in a dose of 0.5 microg/kg 1 h before stress suppressed degranulation of mast cells and decreased the severity of gastric mucosa damages. In in vitro experiments amylin abolished the activating effects of acetylcholine and bradykinin on mast cell degranulation. Amylin-induced stabilization of activated mast cells probably underlies its protective effects during ulceration.

Introduction. Helicobacter pylori (Hр) is considered usually as one of the factors in the development of gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer, and at the same time as protection from asthma, diabetes type II, and obesity. This study was carried out with a goal to evaluate possible linkage between the levels of circulating anti-Hp antibodies and inflammatory markers - IL-6, IL-8 and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) - in cross-sectional study of Moscow adults. Material and Methods. Serum samples of Moscow working-aged residents (both gender, N=252) were used for evaluation of antibodies to lysate Hp antigen/recombinant CagA and cytokines IL-6, IL-8 with corresponding ELISA kits. MDA was determined by reaction with thiobarbituric acid. Results. Standard correlation analysis didn’t reveal any significant association between the levels of circulating antibodies against the applied commercial antigens and the levels of IL-6, IL-8 and MDA. Nevertheless, two parallel branches of the experimental points in seropositive area of anti-CagA/IL-8 scatterplot (but not for IL-6 and MDA variables) were clearly seen and correspond to two maximums at bimodal anti-CagA distribution. The data obtained are consistent with typical for CagA outstrip in IL-8 induction and testify the existence of two human genotypes having ~2-fold difference in antibody response but the same reactivity of CagA - IL-8 axis. Since CagA-positive IL-8 levels are of one order with CagA-negative ones (from another organs) and signs of concomitant oxidative stress were not revealed, the data obtained can be interpreted equally as early pathologic or actual symbiotic events. Conclusion. Quantitative assessment of circulating anti-Hp antibodies, together with more detail mathematical analysis, will increase contributions of population studies to investigation of equilibrium between Hp and human organisms.

Aim.  The aim of this review is to analyze and systematize data on the effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on hepatobiliary diseases.Background.  Over the past two decades, a growing number of studies have been devoted to the possible involvement of H. pylori infection in the extragastric pathology. The presence of the bacterium was detected in many organs and tissues. Its relationship with the development of idiopathic iron-deficiency anemia, B12 deficiency anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is proved. The possible role of the bacterium in the development of hepatobiliary pathology is also discussed. The presence of the bacterium has been revealed in samples taken from the liver tissue, biliary tract, bile and gallstones of patients suffering from hepatobiliary diseases. The involvement of H. pylori in the formation of gallstones is considered possible. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is more often diagnosed in H. pylori infected individuals compared to those not infected. The progression of inflammation in the liver of any nature is noted in the presence of H. pylori infection. Different species of the Helicobacter genus, including H. pylori, are shown to contribute to the development of liver cancer. However, some researchers report data against the involvement of H. pylori in the pathogenesis of various hepatobiliary diseases.Conclusion. The results obtained by the authors cannot be considered unambiguous, thus requiring further research. Given the high prevalence of H. pylori infection and the significant incidence of hepatobiliary pathology, the confirmation of their relationship can be of great epidemiological, preventive and clinical importance.