beta-Cell function (plasma C-peptide) in 17 fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetic (FCPD) subjects (14 newly diagnosed) was not different at presentation from that in 14 matched insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. After insulin treatment and improvement in the patients' nutritional and metabolic status, fasting and postglucose plasma C-peptide concentrations showed a significant increase (fasting 0.06 +/- 0.01 to 0.17 +/- 0.03 nM, peak 0.11 +/- 0.02 to 0.29 +/- 0.06 nM, mean +/- SE; P less than 0.01 for both). Thus, severely diminished beta-cell function in FCPD is partially reversible after treatment. This could contribute to the clinical metabolic peculiarities of this group of patients.
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