Sepsis is a severe life-threatening condition caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. So far, there are no pharmacotherapies to stop sepsis. Salbutamol, an commonly used β2-adrenoreceptor agonist, has found to be potential in regulating immune response dysfunction and exert anti-inflammatory effect. However, salbutamol exists two isomers. R-isomer exhibits the therapeutic effect and clinical benefit, while S-isomer proves to be detrimental rather than benign. So, in this study, we investigated the preventive and therapeutic effect of R-salbutamol (R-sal), S-salbutamol (S-sal) or racemic mixture in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis. Dexamethasone (Dex) was set as comparison. The results showed that R-sal markedly improved seven-day survival rate of septic mice both administered before or after LPS. Whereas Dex showed toxic and accelerated the death of septic mice when given before LPS injection. Lung histological examination and lung function assay revealed that LPS challenge resulted in acute lung damage, including inflammatory cell infiltration, thickened alveolar septa and congestion, and decreased minute volume in septic mice. R-sal pretreatment efficiently inhibited these changes, accompanying by markedly reduced lung MPO level, serum cytokines levels and lactate release and significantly restored the lymphocytes and suppressed the percentage of monocytes. Racemic mixture exhibited diminished effects while S-sal showed enhanced cytokines release. In addition, R-sal pretreatment showed a better improvement in prognostic pulmonary function at day4 in survived mice than that of Rac-sal. Collectively, our results indicate the potential benefit of R-sal for sepsis and sepsis-induced lung injury.