We are indebted to Keith Sabin (CDC/GAP) who was always prompt in providing technical support for implementing respondent-driven sampling. Other technical assistance was also kindly provided by Julie Pulerwitz,
The study findings showed that rapid tests may be well accepted for this population. These tests can be considered a valuable tool, allowing a more injecting drug users to learn their HIV status and possibly be referred to treatment and should support more effective testing strategies for them.
Objetivo: avaliar o grau de implantação do Programa Nacional de Controle da Transmissão Vertical do HIV em maternidades brasileiras. Metodologia: nesta pesquisa, o desenho metodológico envolveu um estudo transversal (análise de prontuários e entrevistas com puérperas e observação da assistência no pré-parto); e um estudo retrospectivo das mulheres com diagnóstico sorológico positivo para o HIV que tiveram seus recém-nascidos nas maternidades selecionadas. Resultados: das 30 maternidades investigadas, 67% possuíam kit para testes rápidos anti-HIV e AZT (IV e xarope) disponíveis. No estudo retrospectivo identificou-se 324 parturientes soropositivas para o HIV, 18% não medicadas com AZT IV e 7% não tendo seus bebês medicados. Conclusão: a não disponibilidade de recursos humanos e de kits para testes rápidos, as condições inadequadas de realização do teste, e a falta de aconselhamento e testagem de parturientes na maternidade foram os principais fatores negativos encontrados.Palavras-chave: avaliação de programa; transmissão vertical; HIV.
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination coverage and disease incidence were measured among preschool-aged children residing in inner-city Los Angeles. Among children 1.5 to 14 months of age, vaccination coverage of at least one dose increased from 0% in 1990 to 82% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 73%, 91%) in 1992. Among children 15 to 59 months old, vaccination coverage of at least one Hib dose administered at or after age 15 months increased from 35% (95% CI = 29%, 41%) in 1990 to 63% (95% CI = 56%, 70%) in 1992. Although Hib vaccination has reduced disease incidence in this population, greater use of vaccine can result in further reductions.
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