He participated in the early deuelopments of salwnt extraction and ion exehange processes for the recouery of uranium and uanadium from low gmde ores, and mare recently has been studying other applications of solwnt extraction to inorganic problems, including the processing of brines for recowry of baron, magnesium chloride, and halogens. He is (I member of Phi Beta Kappa, the American Chemical Society, and the Ameriron Associotionfor the Adoancement of Science. C. DAVIS holds a B. S. degree in Chemistry from theUniuersity of California at Berkeley (1966). He hm worked in the fields of industrial inorganic sepamtions by means of soluent extmtian and membrane methods. He ia a member of the American ChemicalSociety.

Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1986, 25, 936-941 Park, W. K.; Mayer, R. L. T-ature-Tim-Reaction ~eovum contrdled Hydfopyfo@k?; Monsanto Research Miamisburg OH, 1981; MLM-2849. Park, W. K.; Mayer, R. L. ulha Fast Rate h)&opymlysis of Coal: Final Report; Monsanto Research: Mlamlsburg, OH 1985; MLM-3120. Taiwalkar, A. T. A Toplcal Report on Coal Hydmpym/ys/s; Instltute of Gas Techno-: Chicago, IL 1983; DOE/MC/19316-1408 (DE83006592). Woodburn, E. T.; Everson, R. C.; Kirk, A. R. M. Fuel 1974, 53, 38. DE-AC04-76DP00053. Mchrthy, J.; Ferral, J.; Charng, T.; House&n, J. Assessment of Advanced Coal OesMcatlbn RC4xW.98~; NASAlJet F'ropuklon Laboratory: Pasadena, Nettleton, M. A.; Stirling. R. Combust.Operating two or more distillation columns in parallel, with the reboiler of one serving as the condenser of the next, is known to reduce energy consumption. Similarly, introducing the feed to an extractive distillation column as a vapor, rather than as a liquid, saves energy when the major feed component is light. Combining these two concepts offers an attractive method for separating light, azeotrope-farming Organic compounds from water. As examples, the energy consumption for separating 99.9 wt % ethanol from feeds of 6 or 10 wt % was estimated for distillation trains of four or five columns. The resub indicate that the process achieves steam consumptions of only 0.94-1.47kg per kg of ethanol product, which corresponds to 2100 to 3300 kJ/kg of ethanol (6000-9400 Btu/gal).

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M a t e r i a l s Research L a b o r a t o r y The P e n n s y l v a n i a S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y U n i v e r s i t y Park, P e n n s y l v a n i a L6802 A b s t r a c t C o n s i d e r a t i o n o f macrosymmetry and i n t e r p h a s e c o n n e c t i v i t y has been used t o e x p l o r e p o s s i b l e m a c r o s t r u c t u r e s o f i n t e r e s t as p i e z o e l e c t r i c compos i t e s . Based on t h e s e d e s i g n c o n s i d e r a t i o m , ceramic p o l y m e r c o m p o s i t e s have been f a b r i c a t e d w i t h 3-3, 3-1, and 1-3 phase c o n n e c t i v i t y . I n g e n e r a l t h e s e composites y i e l d a l o w e r p e r m i t t i v i t y , h i g h e r hydros t a t i c charge c o e f f i c i e n t (dh) and v o l t a g e c o e f f ic i e n t (gh), a n d i n some cases i n c r e a s e d t h i c k n e s s c o u p l i n g c o e f f i c i e n t ( k t ) . These composites can be used t o c o n s t r u c t hydrophones, b r o a d band f i l t e r s , and d e f o r m a b l e m i r r o r base. The c o m p o s i t e s can be made f l e x i b l e and c o n f o r m a l u s i n g an e l a s t o m e r as t h e second phase. 1. I n t r o d u c t i o n P r o g r e s s i n m a t e r e made, and t h e c u r v e o f h i s t o r y s a t u r a t e s . m a t e r i a l s s c i e n c e . Lead z i r c o n a t e t i t a n a t e (PZT) has been t h e b e s t t r a n s d u c e r m a t e r i a l f o r 25 years. E a T i O j has been t h e b e s t h i g h d i e l e c t r i c c a p a c i t o r m a t e r i a l f o r 30 years. S i m i l a r t r e n d s can b e n o t e d i n m a g n e t i c m a t e r i a l s , semiconductors, and supercond u c t o r s . D e s p i t e i n t e n s i v e s e a r c h f o r new compounds, r e l a t i v e l y l i t t l e p r o g r e s s has been made i n t h e p a s t t e n o r t w e n t y years. We see t h i s s a t u r a t i o n e f f e c t i n many f i e l d s o f Recent y e a r s have w i t n e s s e d t h e g r o w t h o f mater i a l s e n g i n e e r i n g w i t h t h e o p t i m i z a t i o n o f s p e c i f i c p r o p e r t i e s b y c a r e f u l l y p a t t e r n e d inhomogeneous s o l i d s such as s e m i c o n d u c t o r i n t e g r a t e d c i r c u i t s , f i b e r r e i n f o r c e d metals, and b a r r i e r l a y e r f e r r oe l e c t r i c c a p a c i t o r s . I n heterogeneous systems,there a r e g e n e r a l l y s e v e r a l phases i n v o l v e d and a number o f m a t e r i a l p a r a m e t e r s t o b e o p t i m i z e d . n i c a l t r a n s d u c e r f o r towed a r r a y hydrophone a p p l i c at i o n r e q u i r e s a c o m b i n a t i o n o f p r o p e r t i e s such as l a r g e h y d r o s t a dh = d33 + 2d31. I n PZT d33 zz -2d31 r e s u l t i n g i n a v e r y low dh (%30 pC/N). The h y d r o s t a t i c v o l t a g e c o e f f i c i e n t gh = -dh i s a l s o low (%3 x because o f t h e low dh and h i g h p e r m i t t i v i t y (E PZT. The p r e s e n t case o f d e s i g n i n g a n e l e c t r o m e c h aVm/N) &33 33) O f F o r t h e p...

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