Intellectual ideological transformations affect the formation of the townscape, which in turn affects the narratives of the townscape constantly, as cities undergo various transformations, including natural and sudden forced ones, through economic and social processes; accompanied by structural changes in its urban scenes to a different formal model, reflecting the spirit of the age. The townscape is the reflective text that highlights the city in the form of a serial vision and scenes that carry the effects of the past and simulate the era, where the townscape is basically built through successive visions. The research deals with the difference in the concept of intellectual ideals from the Renaissance era based on perspective and artistic concepts to technology-based aesthetics in the international style, as this led to a change in the integrated coherent scene (the traditional scene) to the technology-based scene (the technological scene), and the latest discontinuity in the narrative of the story line. The landscape in urban city centers has both intellectual and physical levels. The discontinuity occurs in the townscape at the intellectual and material levels, when the concept of aesthetics and ideals varies in different periods of time. The research aims to study the impact of the entry of different intellectual trends (ideals of each era) on the townscape, in Al-Rasheed Street in Baghdad, during different periods of time. And reading the state of interruption in the scene and its impact on the perception of the recipient.

Iraq has suffered since decades from the shortage of supplying electric power o supply residential buildings. This research aims to study the orientation factor in the urban planning and its relation with the decrease of electric power consumption by reducing the cooling loads in summer season, which it is a long season in Iraq. Research tackles problem decreasing in supplying electric power and the disability of government in providing sufficient electric power to the citizens. The research discusses the possibility of decrease of electric power consumption through the study of the orientation factor in the urban planning of a town sector of 4869 residential buildings. Therefore, the research suggests the possibility of calculation of the cooling loads and electric power consumption of a residential building located on an area of 200m2. The ground floor is 150m2 and the first floor is 100m2. This residential building has been entered into e-Quest program at thermal conditions similar to the weather conditions of Basra province and the results show that the best orientation in decreasing the annual electric consumption are the north and south directions. Research hypothesis the possibility of rotation all residential buildings of Yassin Khuraibet town to the north and south, and these directions are depended according to practical study as above. Research methodology Yassin Khuraibet is a case study. There is an attempt to re-design the city with preserving the number of the residential buildings, parks and services of this town and to study the effect of residential building orientation to the north and south that are the best directions of electric power consumption for cooling purposes. Research results appear after it is oriented all residential buildings to the north and south, the town is acceptable in terms of urban planning. The result of calculation shows the decrease of cooling loads 8% and electric power consumption 11%.

The concepts of the wall and the city intertwined in many ancient civilizations. These walls are historical evidence of specific periods of time that the city passed through and reflect its collective memory that crosses with time. The walls had an actual presence in the lives of residents and builders and their memories. With the passage of time and technological acceleration, the pace of urbanization and development in cities accelerated, which led to the widespread destruction of the walls that reflect the identity of cities and their established image memory. This research aims to study the physical and symbolic revival of the remains of ancient walls and gates due to their importance in enhancing collective memory and identity. To this end, the remnants of the walls in restoring collective memory were studied and presented through global and local propositions through contemporary urban development strategies. The research assumes that the walls are important in conveying the history of the city, so the remains of the walls in the holy city of Najaf were taken as the living historical evidence that reflects the stories of the victories of our fathers and grandfathers over the invasions. Where the old city wall was the fortified wall that protected its people. The number of defensive walls was five, according to another narration, six, and each wall is a reflection of a specific time period and a specific story in the ancient history of the city. Therefore, the rest of these walls must be preserved because they constitute important scenes in the history of the holy city of Najaf, where a framework was used to provide recommendations to evoke the walls as landmarks and determinants influential in the city, this framework was done in the research in Table 1, which is a conceptual framework that was extracted from the previous literature. The results indicated the possibility of investing historical walls as effective drivers in building collective memory and restoring its unique urban identity through a set of mechanisms within the retrieving strategy represented by the virtual renewal of the walls using traces or signs, the work of virtual preservation, and digital documentation, physical renewal of the remains of the walls through literal cloning, deletion and addition, cultural (community) renewal due to the visit.