Bunium persicum(BOISS)B.Fedtsch belonging to family Apiaceae is native to the region of the limited zones of the West Asia, Kherman and grows to the areas of North Khorasan and Kheraman, East of the Zagros range to Bandar Abbaas and south area of the Albroz range in Iran. It is also found in North western parts of Himalayas. Bunium persicum is found growing naturally in sub-alpine and alpine habitats of North Western Himalayas. It is a perennial herb, dwarf 30cm to tall 80cm and its flowers are small, white in color. Keywords: Bunium persicum, Apiaceae, North-Western Himalayas, Perrenial Herb

Portulaca oleracea (Family Portulacaceae) has been used all over the world for its nutritional and medicinal properties. It shows a number of pharmacological activities but very little information is known about its toxicity profile. The present study was undertaken to find its acute and subacute oral toxicity. In acute oral toxicity, four doses 500mg,1000mg,1500mg and 2000mg/kg b.w were administered orally to swiss albino mice with the help of oral feeding needle. In subacute oral toxicity, the doses of 200mg and 400mg/kg b.w were given. A total of 28 swiss albino mice, divided in different groups were taken. Behavioural changes and LD50 were recorded in acute oral toxicity. In subacute oral toxicity studies, kidney function tests, hematological and histopathological changes were recorded. The results showed that LD50 was 500mg/kg. There were behavioural and biochemical variations with no toxicity on kidney and spleen.

Objective: The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical constituents, and renal effects of the ethanolic extract of the fruits and seeds of Eriobotrya japonica, commonly called as Loquat in Kashmir. So far, no such study was carried in Kashmir.Methods: Phytochemical screening involved the standard procedures. Diabetes was induced in albino rats using alloxan monohydrate (120 mg/kg b. w) given i. p prepared in sterile saline. Rats were divided into 8 groups of 6 rats in each group. The ethanolic extract of Eriobotrya japonica fruits were given in doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg b. w. whereas the ethanolic extract of Eriobotrya japonica deeds were given in doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. The renal effects were determined by estimating the kidney function tests i.e., serum urea levels, serum creatinine levels and serum total proteins. The effects were compared with the normal control rats.Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of some useful phytoconstituents. alkaloids, glycosides and flavonoids in both extracts. The renal effects showed changes in alloxan-induced diabetic rats when treated with the ethanolic extract of the fruit and seeds of Eriobotrya japonica. Conclusion:The ethanolic extract of E. J units and seeds have some useful Phytonstihut and there are some renal changes by the ethanolic extraction of E. B. F and S when admi to alloxaun inderced diabetic rats.

Aim:The aim of the present study was to find the effect of ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Portulaca oleracea on blood glucose levels and on body weight of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Methods: Rats were made diabetic by single dose of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg b.w).After checking their blood glucose levels, they were re-grouped into five groups. The 1 st group was Normal Control group,2 nd group was Diabetic Control group,3 rd group received standard drug Glibenclamide,4 th group received 50 mg.kg b.w of ethanolic extract of Portulaca oleracea and 5 th group received 100mg/kg b.w of the ethanolic extract of the plant. Their blood glucose levels and body weights were checked at regular intervals. Histopathology of pancreas of diabetic rats was also done. Results: The two doses of the ethanolic extract of the plant showed significant decrease in blood glucose levels and increase in body weights. Histopathological studies also showed significant changes. Discussion: Today diabetes mellitus is taking the form of the epidemic in many countries including India. Though conventional treatments are used to cure diabetes mellitus , but due to side effect of these drugs, there is need for alternative ways to cure the disease.Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Portulaca oleracea has beneficial effects on blood glucose levels as well as improving other metabolic aberrations.

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