This paper aims to build a Sustainable Development (SD) model that considers ecological threats. We need to identify and measure those threats to prevent them from hindering sustainable regional development. The authors mine the ecological threats' indicators related to the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from the World Bank database. They found that the ecological threats affect eight SDGs out of the seventeen SDGs, as well as 43 security indicators that measure ecological threats. The obtained results are used to build a Sustainable Development Ecological Security Model made out of selected ecological indicators. The model is instrumental for further constructing an index, which allowed for estimating a level of security of sustainable development from ecological hazards. The study's novelty lies in considering ecological security issues while measuring SD. The obtained results may be instrumental for measuring countries' secure sustainable development and managing the processes through relevant economic policies.

The article presents a multidimensional comparative analysis of the exchange rates of five currencies: dollar, euro, franc, pound and ruble in zlotys and crude oil in dollars per barrel from 2005 to 2022. The research was conducted in terms of the identification of contemporary challenges for the economic security of enterprises in Poland. Grouping was used as part of multidimensional comparative analyzes. In the categorized line charts, in order to observe the trends in dynamic terms as a decrease and an increase in the rates of the analyzed data, a separate Y-axis scale was assigned to each of the analyzed dependent variables.

Prawne podstawy realizacji prawa do ochrony zdrowia w Polsce 3Słowa kluczowe: prawo do ochrony zdrowia, system ochrony zdrowia, prawa człowieka, prawa socjalne

The subject of the article is an analysis of the concept of security functioning in the Polish constitution of 1997. The author presents the views of the doctrine and constitutional regulations in this respect. It also divides the concept of security according to several criteria: subjective, objective and sources of threats. Streszczenie Bezpieczeństwo jako pojęcie prawa konstytucyjnego Tematem artykułu jest analiza rozumienia pojęcia bezpieczeństwo funkcjonującego w polskiej konstytucji z 1997 roku. Autor stara się przybliżyć poglądy doktryny oraz regulacje konstytucyjne w tym zakresie. Dokonuje także podziału pojęcia bezpieczeństwo według kilku kryteriów: podmiotowego, przedmiotowego oraz źródeł zagrożeń.

The paper aims to introduce the concept of constitutional liability of the President, and the institutions of the President’s constitutional liability. The author presents the liability and its relations with other types of head of state’s liabilities. The presented analysis includes all European countries.