In patients with norepinephrine-refractory septic shock no directional changes in measured variables were found in the first 24 h after a plasmapheresis. Thus, regarding the cost (ca. 1000 euros per separation) and possible risks the procedure needs rigorous evaluation even as "rescue therapy" in patients with septic shock.

The incidence of long term backache after EPA in the non-obstetrical setting is 11.5% and almost exclusively associated with pre-existing back pain. Biometrical factors seem to play no role. In patients with pre-existing back pain satisfaction with the anesthetic procedure might be improved by improving informed consent.