Our analysis of men with advanced PCa revealed worse OS among Blacks. However, when access to care, treatment, and cancer characteristics are accounted for, Black race was associated with better OS. These findings suggest that initiatives to improve access to care may represent an effective tool to reduce disparities in PCa outcomes.

Key Points Question Is the US Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program associated with a greater decrease in unplanned readmissions after targeted surgical procedures when compared with similar nontargeted procedures? Findings In this nationwide, all-payer cohort study of 6 687 007 weighted index surgical admissions, implementation of the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program was associated with a decrease of 0.018% per month in the risk-adjusted readmission rate after targeted procedures, while the readmission rate after nontargeted procedures remained constant, a difference that was statistically significant. Meaning Readmission trends appear to be consistent with hospitals’ response to the possibility of Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program penalties after total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty.

Trends in localized MIBC treatment have evolved substantially since the early 2000s, and certain patient characteristics are associated with lower odds of receiving the current standard of care. This serves as a foundation from which to judge the impact of the upcoming immunotherapy era on the treatment landscape for this disease.