A 55-year-old man reported a severe headache of 3 days’ duration, left ptosis and left lid swelling before examination. The ocular examination revealed left eye proptosis, severe edema of the left bulbar conjunctiva and lid, increasing intraocular pressure of the left eye and ptosis on the left side with decreased extraocular movement. The right eye was normal. Hematologic studies indicated mild inflammation. An enhanced computed tomography scan revealed proptosis of the left globe and enlargement of the superior ophthalmic vein and cavernous sinus of the left side. Angiography revealed an area of interrupted blood flow in the left cavernous sinus. Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with Gd-DTPA revealed a low-intensity area that was suspected to be a blood clot in the enlarged left cavernous sinus. This case indicates the efficacy of enhanced MRI examination in the early diagnosis of cavernous sinus thrombosis.

We report a patient with pseudotumor with cystoid macular edema (CME). The initial finding in our case was only CME with a bilateral visual acuity decrease to 20/25. Approximately 3 months later, the visual acuity dropped to light perception in the right eye and 20/200 in the left eye. Computed tomography scan revealed a mass in the right orbital apex and band-shaped enhancement in the cavernous sinus and along the upper margin of the petrous bone. However, no mass was found intraoperatively, and a biopsy specimen of the bulging levator muscle showed polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration. The CME resolved postoperatively. The tumor also seemed to resolve; however, after 1 year, the tumor recurred and invaded the brain tissue. A temporal lobectomy revealed widespread inflammatory cell infiltration. To ensure early diagnosis, pseudotumor should be considered in patients with CME of which the cause is uncertain.

This article discusses the obstacles and potential solutions for the incorporation and increased awareness of English as a lingua franca (ELF) into teacher education programs for secondary school Japanese teachers of English (JTEs). While a nationally standardized “Core Curriculum” (CC) for secondary school JTEs’ learning guidelines and models in teacher education reflects relatively positive attitudes towards ELF, the integration of an ELF perspective into teacher education programs is considered a low priority. Recent literature explores the barriers to ELF-aware curriculum design and suggests that teachers carry out ELF-based action research, both to promote teachers’ critical awareness of ELF and to gain insights that will encourage a wider transformative approach to their beliefs. The authors here conclude that for a more effective and innovative ELF-aware curriculum implementation, it is important to consider the broader context of the current landscape of English use and language teaching. この論文は、中等教育に携わる日本人英語教師のための教師教育プログラムに、国際共通語としての英語(ELF)の理念を取り入れ認識を深めてもらうことへの障壁と、それに対する解決策を論じる。中等教育に携わる日本人英語教師の教師教育における学習ガイドラインおよびモデルである全国共通「コア・カリキュラム」では、ELFに対して比較的前向きな見解を示している。一方で、ELFの観点を教師教育プログラムに取り入れることは優先順位が低いと考えられている。最近の文献では、ELFを意識したカリキュラム考案の障壁が調査されており、教師がELFに基づいたアクション・リサーチを行うことを提案している。それにより、教師が批判的な視点でELFを捉えることを促し、また、教師の信念をより大きく変革するアプローチを促進するための洞察が得られるであろう。結論として、ELFを意識した教師教育プログラムをより効果的かつ革新的に実施するためには、現在の英語の使用状況や言語教育に関して幅広く見ていくことが重要である。

Abstract. Hypotony maculopathy may arise after glaucoma filtering surgery. This can be treated by inducing inflammation and scarring within the filter, with the aim of increasing intraocular pressure (IOP) and promoting resolution of maculopathy. Cataract extraction can promote such inflammation. Phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation was performed in two consecutive patients with postfiltration hypotony maculopathy and preexisting cataracts. After cataract extraction, improvement of IOP, visual acuity, maculopathy, and metamorphopsia occurred in both patients. Cataract extraction can be beneficial in the management of postfiltration hypotony maculopathy. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:241-243.]

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