This study investigates the effects of psychological factors on investor behaviour regarding the Kuwait Stock Exchange (KSE). These psychological factors are, namely: excessive optimism vs pessimism, herd behaviour and risk appetite. The data for this study obtained from KSE and a survey of a random sample of 398 individual investors. By using qualitative analysis and based on the theory of behavioural finance, the study findings show that herd behaviour, optimism and psychology risk have an impact on the individual investors’ decisions. However, we did not find any evidence of overconfidence behaviour’s effects on investors’ decisions. To our knowledge, KSE has been examined by several researchers without taking into consideration the effects of psychological factors on individual investor decisions. This study finds that psychological factors play a significant role in individual investors’ decisions regarding KSE. This study might contribute positively to the development of this field of research in (KSE).

The purpose of this research article is to provide the fresh evidence on the link between energy consumption (ENE) and economic growth (GDP) while controlling for the impact of CO 2 emissions (CO) in the case of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. To conduct the empirical study we have employed the panel VAR methodology in the period 1980-2014. The results suggest that economic growth increases the ENE. However, the negative link between CO 2 emissions and economic growth is reported, implying the great awareness of the GCC countries on the environmental problems connected with the fossil fuels based energy. Thus, there is a serious incentive in these countries to deal with the potential environmental issues. One of the good alternatives is renewable energy. In addition, the increase in the energy efficiency is considered to be an important task in the future.

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The aim of this paper is to explore the potential link between gross capital formation and CO2 emissions by using the Toda and Yamamoto approach. The annual time-series data were collected for the period 1971-2014. Due to the fact that Kuwait aims to become a major trading hub by 2035, it has made significant efforts to improve the infrastructure. Moreover, Turkey is also making strong efforts to improve the manufacturing sector as well as infrastructure, and represents an important trading hub that links Europe with the Middle East. Thus, Turkey and Kuwait are expected to strengthen their economic ties and expand trade, which was the motivation for comparing the link of interest in these two countries. The study’s findings confirm the bidirectional links between all of the variables of interest not only in the case of Turkey but also in the case of Kuwait, suggesting some important policy implications.

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