Background: Non-scarring hair loss from the scalp or body occurs as a result of alopecia areata. It is the most prevalent autoimmune disorder. Aims: To compare the efficacy of topical clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment and topical tacrolimus 0.1% ointment in the management of localized alopecia areata. Study design: Randomized control trial. Methodology: All patients (n=116) having alopecia areata of the scalp were included. SALT Score was calculated at presentation. Group A received topical clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment applied twice daily over the alopecia patch and group B received topical tacrolimus 0.1% twice daily for 3 months. Patients were followed in OPD at 1month, 2months and 3months interval to ensure compliance. All this information was recorded on Performa. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Efficacy of both groups was compared using Chi square test and keeping P-value of ≤ 0.05 as significant. Results: As per efficacy, in Group A, 46 (79.31%) patients showed effective results whereas in Group B only 26 (44.82%) patients showed effective results with a significant P-value of 0.00013. Conclusion: It was concluded that topical clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment was more effective as a treatment option in promoting hair re-growth among patients of alopecia areata. Keywords: Alopecia Areata, Tacrolimus, Clobetasol Propionate and Hair Re-growth

Objectives: Analysis of the pattern of prostatic disease in Faisalabad. Design of Study: Case series study. Setting: Department of Pathology, University Medical and Dental College (UM&DC) and Meezan Laboratory (ML). Period: Duration of the study is three years. Methods and Materials: All prostatic specimens presenting to the Pathology department at the UM&DC and ML for histopathology were included. Results: During this period 540 prostatic biopsies were examined. The mean age of the patients was 67 years. Out of these 467(86.5%) were benign, 2 (0.3%) had prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and 71 (13.5%) were malignant. All the cases of malignancies were adenocarcinomas. Most of them were well differentiated (Gleason’s score 2-4). The highest incidence of hyperplasia and malignancy occurred between 60-70 years of age. Conclusions: The incidence of prostatic cancer is on the rise and measures should be taken for early detection.

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Objectives: Objective of the study is to differentiate and sub-categorize malignant small round blue cell tumors by using immune-histochemistry. Study Design: Descriptive Observational study. Setting: Meezan Private Lab, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Period: 5 years, from July 2014 to June 2019. Material & Methods: Sample Size: 126 cases of Round blue cells tumors. Sampling Technique: Non probability purposive sampling. Data Collection Procedure: 126 cases which fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for the study. All these cases were subjected to immunohistochemistry. The IHC technique used was based on Peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) method. Based on site and morphological clues, initially Leukocyte common antigen (LCA), Myogenin, Cytokeratin (CK), Desmin, chromogranin, Neuron specific enolase (NSE), S-100, Smooth muscle actine (SMA) and CD99 were used. Further immune stains panels were used afterwards, as and when needed like CD20, CD3, CD30, BCL2, CD117, Ki-67, Tdt, synaptophysin, SMA, CD56, Melan A, HMB45 and WT1. Results: Out of 126 cases of small round blue cell tumors, 35 (27.8 %) cases were diagnosed as diffuse large B cell lymphoma, 6 as Lymphoblastic lymphoma, 4 as Burkitt’s lymphoma, and 6 cases as NK/T cell lymphoma. Ewing’s sarcoma/PNET (12/126, 9.5%) was the 2nd highest in frequency, followed by Rhabdomyosarcoma, Synovial sarcoma, Malignant melanoma, and Germ cell tumor, which were all 9/126 each with 7.1 %. Conclusion: Immunohistochemistry is an important tool for appropriate and clear differential diagnosis of malignant small round blue cell tumors of childhood.

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