makespan of the entire grid. Numerical results obtained by applying the proposed SAN model, the algorithm presented to find the makespan of a single resource, and the proposed SA-based scheduling algorithm to a desktop grid show the applicability of the proposed approach in real grid environments.

Many e-commerce businesses are emerging in the form of start-ups in Iran. Plenty of these businesses fail to gain significant market share. Electronic retail stores are among the most commonly used electronic business models. Despite the many challenges facing e-retailers due to market changes and customer preferences, Digikala has been ranked as the most popular and most visited website and has managed to gain over 85% of the Iranian retail market. In addition, Digikala is one of the largest electronic retailers in the Middle East. This study aims at analyzing value creation in Digikala in order to overcome these challenges and answering the following question: What value does Digikala create?

One of the reasons most startups fail, despite their growing number, is the inability and lack of flexibility of their business models in responding to market changes. In addition, due to the uncertainty of the startups’ environment, it is difficult to gain competitive advantage; startups need to continuously change their business models. One of the most common electronic business models is the electronic retailer. Despite the many challenges facing e-retailers due to market changes and customer preferences, Digikala has been ranked as the most popular and most visited website and has managed to gain over 85% of the Iranian retail market share. The purpose of this study is to analyze the value creation in Digikala in order to answer the following questions: Through which atomic business model can business value be realized? What change strategies should be applied to be able to provide a unique and stable value and be successful?