Extracted Mg(II) and Ca(II) each one alone after combined with EDTA (H 3 Y -) as (MgHY -) and (CaHY -) after preparing ion pair complexes according to liquid ion exchange method by using Cinchonine (CK) after changing to liquid ion exchanger HCK + ;Cl -in HCl medium, spectrophotometric studies showed that the ion pair magnesium complex HCK + ;MgHY -had a wave length for maximum absorbance of λ max =241nm, but the maximum absorbance for calcium HCK + ;CaHY -was λ max =278nm to determine the remaining quantity of Mg(II), the Eriochrome black T method was used, but for Ca(II) the crown ether DB18C6 method was used as new spectrophotometric method. Limitations to the study include optimum conditions for extraction ions in this study show a need for 1M HCl for Mg(II) and 0.8M HCl for Ca(II), to be present 100µg for each ion, 0.08M EDTA for Mg(II) and 1.0M EDTA for Ca(II), 1×10 -4 M CK, after shaking for 10 min.

Background: Ionizing radiations are hazardous agents in the workplace, since all forms of ionizing radiation produce some type of injury that is incurable. Therefore, protection against ionizing radiation exposure can play an important role in the health of workers. Objectives: is to evaluate the application of radiation protection among radiation workers at X-ray department in Erbil hospitals. Patients and methods: Six hospitals (General and Private) were visited. Samples of 110 were randomly selected among 135 radiation workers, 47 (42.3%) female and 63 (57.3%) male Data was collected through structured questionnaires. The surveyed data was coded and analyzed by using MS Excel software, and SPSS 18 for analysis. Analysis was performed by means of frequency distributions and cross tabulations. Results: The results showed that there are majority of the workers 51 (46.4%) aged between 21-30 years, and Diploma holders 68 (61.8%). Only 49 (44.5%) undergone primary examination while 47 (42.7%) never done periodical examination. According to international commotion of radiation protection regulation of radiation protection, it is mandatory for radiation workers to wear personal detective devices during work. But a large numbers 89 (80.9%) have not supplied with such devices. The study also revealed that the majority of workers were engaged in work beyond 40 hours per week. Calibration of the X-rays machine and radiation survey of the work place have not been regularly done. Only 30 of the sample have no awareness and knowledge about the ionizing radiation, while 95 (86.4%) have no healthy advice. Conclusion: It can be suggested that the level of workers education must be increased and short courses be implemented such as dosimetery and radiation protection performance.

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Extracted Cd(II) as (CdCl3-) and (CdCl42-) from HCl media after preparing ion pair complexes according to liquid ion exchange method by using DB18C6 after changing to liquid ion exchanger K-Crown+; Cl-, spectrophotometric studies showed that the extracted ion pair complex had a wave length for maximum absorbance of λmax=277nm. Limitations to the study include optimum conditions for extraction in this study show a need for 0.3M HCl, to be present 50µg for Cd(II), in addition to study extracted complex structure by Slope ratio method, the result appear more probable structure of extracted complex [K DB18C6]+;HCdCl4- and [K-DB18C6]+; CdCl3-. This method applied to spectrophotometric determination of Cd(II) in different sample and compare the results with atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Background: Ionizing radiations are hazardous agents in the workplace, since all forms of ionizing radiation produce some type of injury that is incurable. Therefore, protection against ionizing radiation exposure can play an important role in the health of workers.Objectives: is to evaluate the application of radiation protection among radiation workers at X-ray department in Erbil hospitals.Patients and methods: Six hospitals (General and Private) were visited. Samples of 110 were randomly selected among 135 radiation workers, 47 (42.3%) female and 63 (57.3%) male Data was collected through structured questionnaires. The surveyed data was coded and analyzed by using MS Excel software, and SPSS 18 for analysis. Analysis was performed by means of frequency distributions and cross tabulations.Results: The results showed that there are majority of the workers 51 (46.4%) aged between 21 - 30 years, and Diploma holders 68 (61.8%). Only 49 (44.5%) undergone primary examination while 47 (42.7%) never done periodical examination. According to international commotion of radiation protection regulation of radiation protection, it is mandatory for radiation workers to wear personal detective devices during work. But a large numbers 89 (80.9%) have not supplied with such devices. The study also revealed that the majority of workers were engaged in work beyond 40 hours per week. Calibration of the X-rays machine and radiation survey of the work place have not been regularly done. Only 30 of the sample have no awareness and knowledge about the ionizing radiation, while 95 (86.4%) have no healthy advice.Conclusion: It can be suggested that the level of workers education must be increased and short courses be implemented such as dosimetery and radiation protection performance.