This research included study the relation between FGF21 and insulin resistance in hyperlipidaemia. The results demonstrated that the normal mean of FGF21 in serum control group was (69.4±2.9 pg/ml) and there was a significant increasing in FGF21 concentration in patients (108.05±4.03 pg/ml ) compared with control group, also the results showed a significant increase in the concentration of fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, low density lipoprotein for cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein for cholesterol (VLDL-C) and malondialdehyde (MDA), while a significantly decrease had been shown in concentration of high density lipoprotein for cholesterol (HDL-C), adiponectin and arylestase activity in hyperlipidemia patients compared with control group. Correlation coefficients of FGF21 hormone with these clinical parameters showed a positively significant correlation with Glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL-C, VLDL-C and MDA concentration, while FGF21 elucidated a significant negative correlation with HDL-C, arylesterase activity and adiponectin concentration. The conclusion of this study was that FGF21 concentration correlated significantly in hyperlipidemia with insulin resistance, and FGF21 high concentration can be represented as a biomarker in hyperlipidemia.

This research paper describes the application of a GA-HP model to the design of large gravity sewer networks. The main problem associated with the optimum design of sewer networks is achieving applicable designs that offer the lowest possible construction costs. The GA-HP model is a new technique that combines a Genetic Algorithm (GA) with Heuristic Programming (HP). One of the reasons for adopting this model is that determining the optimal design of sewer networks requires two stages: the GA can be used to obtain the optimal diameter, and then HP can be applied to obtain the optimal slope and other hydraulic characteristics. The GA was run using the tournament selection method with one-point crossover and a population size of 200. To ensure the efficiency of the GA-HP model for the design of large networks, the model was examined in two case studies, these being the medium and large networks located in the holy city of Karbala in Iraq, which contains 90 pipes and 91 manholes, and 354 pipes and 355 manholes, respectively. The cost for the applied manual designs was then compared with that for the designs obtained from this model for these networks, which indicated potential savings of 23.7% and 26.6% for the medium and large networks, respectively.