Complexity is one of the most important issues influencing success of any construction project and there are literally different studies devoted to detect important factors increasing complexity of projects. During the past few years, there have been growing interests in developing mass construction projects in Iran. The proposed study of this paper uses Delphi technique to find out about important factors as barriers of construction projects in Iran. The results show that among 47 project complexity factors, 19 factors are more important than others are. The study groups different factors into seven categories including environmental, organizational, objectives, tasks, stakeholders, technological, information systems and determines the relative importance of each. In each group, many other sub group activities are determined and they are carefully investigated. The study provides some detailed suggestions on each category to reduce the complexity of construction project.

Competitiveness is a multi-dimensional concept that organizations must inevitably strengthen themselves in all its dimensions to develop competitive power. Competitiveness is effective on the success of an enterprise in a worldwide level. Accordingly, the purpose of this research was to design a communicational model between the competitiveness types of small and medium industries in Iran. Regarding the research purpose, the study is applied, which is conducted based on the descriptive-causal method. The statistical population of this research in identifying factors affecting competitiveness includes all small and medium enterprises in Qazvin province, Iran. In order to design a model for competitiveness, the experts familiar with the issue of competitiveness were used. Accordingly, two questionnaires were used in this research to collect data. This questionnaire is distributed among members of the statistical sample after the determination of validity and reliability. The exploratory factor analysis, the Interpretative-Structural Modeling (ISM), and Structural-Equation (Path) Model (SEM) have been used to analyze the data. The results findings indicated that among the factors influencing competitiveness, the competitiveness factors related to firm management and the competitiveness factors related to suppliers and resources have the most impact on the competitiveness of small and medium firms. The results (findings) also showed that the competitiveness factors related to demand and customers are recognized as an absolutely influential component. The results of the Structural-Equation (Path) Model (SEM) have evaluated the path coefficients significance. According to the research's findings, it can be said that the factors affecting the competitiveness related to firm management and competitive factors related to suppliers and resources should be firstly strengthened in order to make small and medium industries more competitiveness and stimulate resources.

Impotent planning system in house providing process is the result of inadequate housing management system in theoretical, empirical, and operational fields. In addition, Mass Construction industry in Iran confronts with other problems such as instability in raw material prices, unsteadiness in production and investment laws and regulations, frailty of transportation infrastructure, international sanctions and etc. Furthermore, customers' needs, lower costs, and greater customizations lead mass producing to search for new solutions and novel producing system. Agility is offered as a strategy to enable Mass Construction associations to be maintained in the competition of constantly changing market in Iran. In such a market, previous approaches lose their capabilities in supply chain. Thus to achieve agility by Mass Construction association is the chief aim of this study. This study is descriptive-analytic and can be identified as developmental -functional considering its target. After surveying previous research literature and using experts' opinions, we investigated final agile sub criteria of supply chain and then we used interpretive-structural modeling approach to determine the relation among sub criteria and to offer an agile supply chain model. Surveying research literature and experts' opinions lead us to identify 8 criteria (society, government, financial, information technology, market, partnership, quality and technology) and also 22 sub criteria for supply chain's agility. Then the results were analyzed through interpretive-structural approach and relation of criteria and sub criteria and their consequence were achieved. These relations showed that government and infrastructure investment, culture, regulations and responses to social and environmental issues are the basis of agility in mass housing productions' supply chain. This model helps supply chain managers to have strategic planning to enhance agility in supply chain and find effective sub criteria and criteria to invest on.

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Survival of production systems has become complicated with the emergence of new areas in business. In other words, changes in business environment, which are the results of changes in customers' needs lead us to an uncertainty in making decisions; therefore there is a need to have a flexible supply chain to confront the changes. Agility is considered as a solution to enable mass construction associations to maintain in a competitive environment of housing industry in Iran. The aim of this study is to introduce a method to evaluate the agility of supply chain for mass construction associations. The proposed method of this paper designed questionnaires to evaluate the agility of supply chain based on identified criteria and indices. The questionnaires were filled by experts and scholars and then analyzed with SPSS software. Findings of this study show that the agility of the case study of this paper is ranked 2 out of 5 or 40%. According to the evaluations of agility, the highest score goes to financial and the lowest score belongs to information technology.