Background:Male infertility is a serious problem all over the world. Nutritional deficiency of trace element Zinc (Zn) may play a role in male infertility as Zn plays an important role not only in normal testicular development, but also in spermatogenesis and sperm motility. Deficiency of Zn is associated with hypogonadism and insufficient development of secondary sex characteristics.Objective:The present study was designed to analyze the level of seminal Zn among different groups of infertile patients and to correlate it with sperm concentration, active, sluggish and immotile fractions of seminal parameters, with an objective to establish the role of Zn in male infertility.Setting and Design:The present study was carried out in five- years period from 2004 to 2009. It was a descriptive analytical study with non probability sampling.Materials and Methods:Semen examination of the patients was carried out according to the standardized method of the World Health Organization. Semen Zn was estimated by color 5 Br. PAPS method.Statistical Analysis:All statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS (Version 14.0 for windows) software, by applying student's t-test.Results:The result showed that seminal Zn was 702.92±10.60, 598.48±12.95, 617.54±9.55, 542.29±22.75, 710.36±7.87, 712.06±7.96, 789.36±21.33, and 762.06±8.99 mg/dl in azoospermic, oligozoospermic, asthenozoospermic, oligoasthenozoospermic, teratozoospermic, normozoospermic, polyzoospermic, and proven fathers group, respectively.Conclusions:Decreased concentration of seminal Zn do affect the sperm count, while increased level of seminal plasma Zn causes decreased sperm motility; so, it is suggested that administration of Zn should be very carefully monitored in such patients having low sperm count but normal sperm motility, as adequate seminal Zn is required for normal sperm function.

Objective: To verify the association of various risk factors with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in adults among Internally Displaced Persons of Bajour and Swat. Design: Case Control studyPlace and Duration of study: Conducted on adult males and females among internally displaced persons, selected from the IDPs Camp in Peshawer and the IDPs visiting Psychiatric setting at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawer from 1 st of May to 15 th of June, 2009. Materials and methods: Cases selected among the respondents through a screening questionnaire, suffering from PTSD. The controls were those respondents which screened out negative from the questionnaire for PTSD but were from the same camp. A total of 208 cases & equal number of controls were enrolled in the study. The statistical analysis was done in a stepwise manner (Uni-variate analysis, bi variate analysis, Logistic regression) using SPSS version 17. Results: The results show that the factors significantly associated with PTSD were Exposure to Injury (OR=19.