Introduction: Alzheimer's is a central nervous system disease that can be treated with an acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibitor drug (AChE), namely rivastigmine. Rivastigmine has side effects such as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, headache, weakness, and malaise. Alternative to deal with these side effects is an extracted compound from valerian root with bioactivity as an anti-dementia. The test compounds that performed the activity were 4 variations of sesquiterpenoids (volvalerenal H, volvalerenal I, volvalerenal J, volvalerenic acid K) and 1 monoterpenoid (densispicnins C). Objective: This study aimed to determine the molecular interaction of sesquiterpene and monoterpene compounds and pharmacokinetic of the best compound from molecular docking. Methods: This study was conducted with the stages of molecular docking simulation, prediction of pharmacokinetics and toxicity of compounds, and Lipinski’s Rule of Five parameters. Result: Volvalerenal J was the best compound from molecular docking simulation with a Gibbs free energy value of -7,48 kcal/mol, an inhibition constant of 1,30 μM, and interactions with amino acid residues His447 and Ser203. The values of HIA and CaCo2 were 100% and 46,76%, with the values of PPB and BBB were 96,57% and 0,88%. Respectively, volvalerenal J is not mutated but a carcinogen and fulfills the rules of Lipinski. Conclusion: Compound volvalerenal J has the highest potential to be the best acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor among other compounds in the extract valerian root.Keywords: AChE, Valerian Root, Alzheimer's, In silico
Sebagai negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia dengan wilayah laut yang luas, Indonesia memiliki potensi kelautan yang besar, salah satunya di bidang farmasi bahari. Salah satu biota laut yang tersebar luas di laut Indonesia adalah spons. Callyspongia sp. merupakan spons yang terdapat hampir di seluruh laut Indonesia dengan aktivitas farmakologis yang telah banyak dilaporkan. Oleh karena itu, penulis membuat tinjauan pustaka tentang Callyspongia sp. yang didasarkan pada aktivitas farmakologi dan mekanisme dari metabolit sekunder yang terkandung didalamnya. Artikel ini ditulis dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang topik yang diinginkan dengan menggunakan beberapa database ilmiah seperti Google Scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, Science Direct, Springer Link, dan Perpustakaan Online Wiley. Dari 38 artikel yang ditinjau, didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat 15 aktivitas farmakologis Callyspongia sp. di antaranya yaitu, antikanker dan antitumor (35%), antijamur (13%), antiinflamasi (11%), immunomodulator (11%), antidiabetes dan anti obesitas (7%), antimikroba (5%), antioksidan (4%), penyakit neurodegeneratif (4%), anti hiperkolesterolemia (2%), antihipertensi (2%), antiparasit (2%), anti alergi (2%), antivirus (2%), dan anti-tuberkulosis (2%). Dengan demikian, aktivitas farmakologi dengan distribusi paling besar adalah aktivitas antikanker dan antitumor.
Luka bakar merupakan kondisi dimana suatu jaringan rusak atau hilang akibat kontak kulit dengan panas.Turbinaria ornata mengandung senyawa yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai penutup luka serta antimikroba yaitu Neophytadiene dan 4,8,12,16-Octadecatetraen-1-ol,4,9,13,17-tetramethyl. Dalam hidrogel ini diformulasikan ekstrak dengan kombinasi hEGF sebagai faktor pertumbuhan yang sangat berpotensi dalam proses penyembuhan luka.Tujuan dari riset ini yaitu memperluas pemanfaatan ekstrak T. ornata untuk pengobatan jenis luka lain yaitu luka bakar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah riset empirik. Dalam satu formula sediaan ini, terdapat ekstrak kental turbinaria dengan kadar 200mg/10ml. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sediaan hidrogel kombinasi ekstrak T. ornata dengan hEGF yang baik karena homogen dan memiliki pH menyerupai pH kulit yaitu 6.
This research explores the creation of photographic works of art with objects small objects as miniature man made in a story. Activities that are reflected in this miniature photos represent the author's personal experiences. Techniques of low key and high key are used as the supporter of the atmosphere in this miniature fantasy photos. Low key gives the feel of a dramatic, mysterious, sad, tense, whereas high key gives the feel of a cheerful, uplifting, and witty. The method used is experimental by sketching pictures, continued by making accessories and properties, adjust the lighting and composition the miniature that will be in the photo. In this final project work that generated tells different themes with theme support lighting.
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