Coronaviruses (CoVs), incorporated positive-sense RNA diseases, are depicted by the club-like spikes that adventure from their surface, an abnormally huge RNA genome, and a specific replication technique. CoVs cause a selection of diseases in mammals and birds ranging from enteritis in cows and pigs and upper respiratory sickness in chickens too possibly deadly human respiratory diseases. Here, we provide a quick presentation to CoVs talking about their replication and pathogenicity, and current avoidance and treatment techniques. We likewise mention the episodes of the profoundly pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV) and thus the recently identify Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV).

An unordinary case report of henoch-schonlein purpura (HSP) in a relationship with hepatitis C and compensated cirrhosis was identified in 14 y aged male patient. He was admitted in the pediatric department with stomach pain, yellow skin, rashes with tingling and erythematous injuries over the legs with agony and swelling since multi-day. He feels pain during walking and appears to be with swelling of lower leg muscles. His unusual liver function test was distinguished with elevated levels of bilirubin-3 mg/dl, basic phosphatase-314 U/l, aspartate aminotransferase-55 U/l and alanine aminotransferase-60 U/l. His skin biopsy shows up leukocytoclastic vasculitis and IgA depositions. Liver biopsy revealed nuclei enlargement with extensive cell change and scattered cell plates. His blood test was with the presence of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies. He was finally diagnosed as HSP associated with HCV and compensated cirrhosis.

Background: Different bio-analytic methods have been developed for determining drug concentration in plasma, but methods for sitagliptin determination are still very rare. In this study, RP-HPLC based method has been developed for assessing sitagliptin concentration in plasma. Aim: To develop and validate RP-HPLC based analytical method for estimating sitagliptin in human plasma for pharmacokinetic applications. Methods: In the present study, the mobile phase composed of acetonitrile: 0.5% triethanolamine (20:80) with pH 6.5 has been utilized. Samples of plasma containing sitagliptin and internal standard (IS)-rosiglitazone were extracted with dichloromethane:diethyl ether (4:6; v/v) at pH 7.4. The rate of flow was 1 ml/min. The retention time was about 5,232 and 6,903 minutes respectively for sitagliptin and rosiglitazone. Results: At concentrations of 100-3200 ng/ml in plasma, calibration curves of sitagliptin were linear. The inter- and intra-day precision and accuracy ranged in between 93.56-98.56% and 1.09-4.55% respectively. For specificity, the study findings showed no co-eluting peaks occurring with IS drug (rosiglitazone) and confirmed that no percentage of interferences at analyte (sitagliptin) retention in presence of rosiglitazone. The sitagliptin recovery was 96.442%. Chromatographic separations were performed on HI Qsil C-18 HS column (250mm x 4.6mm x 5μm). The stability of stock solutions of sitagliptin and IS at room temperature was 98.06% and 100.79% respectively while under refrigerated conditions stability was 98.19% and 96.59% respectively. Freeze-thaw stability for sitagliptin was performed with low & high QC and shown as 98.26% for and 97.45% respectively. The limits of detection and quantification were 8.592 ng/ml and 28.641 ng/ml respectively. Conclusion: A simple, sensitive and accurate method was developed for bio analytical estimation of sitagliptin in human plasma using liquid-liquid extraction technique. The validation results of linearity, accuracy, precision, stability, selectivity, ruggedness, LOD and LOQ were good under acceptable limit and can be applied for pharmacokinetic studies.

No abstract

An unsual case in India was reported with an Isolated Hematuria with Anemia due to Schistosoma Haematobium infection. A male North African patient aged 22 y* admitted in hospital in Hyderabad with chief complaints of hematuria with dysuria, fever with night sweats, and shortness of breath during exercise. His skin appears as pale. His history known that he came to India for his academics. He has a habit of swimming in lake at his country. He has no known past medical history and medication history. His blood reports were found to be low hemoglobin levels and low Red blood cells (RBCs) count. His urine analysis detected with reddish colored erythrocytes and crystals with an absence of proteins and casts. Microscopic examination of urine detects S. haematobium eggs by using repeated concentration techniques.