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Surveying the plantation areas of blond psyllium (plantago ovata), as a new remunerative medicinal crop grown during 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 winter seasons, showed that the wilt and root rot diseases were recorded for the first time in Egypt. In the experimental area at Agronomy farm, plants showed symptoms of yellowing stunting and dried shoots, as well as xylem discoloration and a cortical root rot were noticed.Isolation trials yielded Fusarium incarnatum, F. oxysporum, F. solani, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Pathogenicity tests indicated that all isolates were equal in their significant effects in pre-emergence damping off symptoms. Where, F. incarnatum, F. oxysporum and F. solani were the most virulent in post-emergence damping off, while R. solani and S. sclerotiorum were the last ones.From Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum, T. hamatum, Gliocladium virens, and G. rosum, T. viride and T. harzianum antagonized F. incarnatum and showed the maximum significant inhibition effect. The radial growth of F. solani was highly affected by T. harzianum and G. virens. Besides, G. virens exhibited the highest reduction of Rhizoctonia solani growth. The antagonistic behavior of Trichoderma and Gliocladium species resulted from growth of antagonistic fungi over all psyllium pathogens.In pot experiment, the combined soil infestation with G. virens and F. solani recovered the highest percent of survival plants (75%) and maximized the plant height, number of leaves, spikes, fresh and dry weights plant -1 . In general, the presence of antagonistic fungi reduces the deleterious effect of wilt causative pathogens on growth parameters of psyllium plants.

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Laboratory and filed experiments were conducted in 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 winter seasons to study the effect of some nutritional elements (ferrous, zinc, manganese and calcium) at 2, 4, 6 and 8 g/L on chocolate spot and rust diseases of faba bean. The laboratory results, declared that zinc and manganese at 6 g/L completely inhibited the linear growth and sporulation as well as mycelial dry weight of Botrytis fabae. However, ferrous at 2 g/L or calcium at 8 g/l has no effect on neither linear growth nor mycelial dry weight.The results of field experiment show that calcium at 6 g/L led to maximum reduction of chocolate spot and rust diseases severity followed by manganese at 4 g/L then zinc at 4 g/L. The highest value of plant height occurred under zinc at 4 g/L followed by 6 g/L calcium which increased significantly number of branches/plant. There was positive relationship between number of pods/plant and calcium levels treatment from 2-6 g/L. Calcium at 6 g/L and 4 g/L gave the highest values of 100seed weight followed by manganese 4 g/L.Total phenol contents reached their maximum when faba bean sprayed with 2 or 4 g/L calcium followed by ferrous (6 g/L) then manganese (6 g/L). Also, the highest concentrates of chlorophyll a, b and caroteinoids occurred under the application of calcium at 2 g/L.It is clear from this study that there is no significant differences between the efficacy of calcium at 4 or 6 g/L and Diathine M-45 also between manganese (4 g/L) or calcium (6 g/L) and Plantvax 20% EC effects in reducing faba bean chocolate spot and rust diseases, respectively.In general, some of nutritional elements are promising trend in controlling of chocolate spot and rust diseases of faba bean, where it decreased the infection, environmental friendly and coast effective compared with the ordinary fungicides.

Detection of cowpea rust disease was carried out in 13 distracts of Dakahlia governorate. The high disease incidence was in Sherbin distract followed by Tmai Elamdid distract. While, the low disease incidence was in Aga distract. On the other side, the high value of disease severity occurred under Tmai Elamdid, Mit Salsyl and Bilqas distracts. While, Minit Elnasr distract was came late.Foliar application of microelements at all tested concentrations and also fungicide (Plantvax 20% EC 1m/l) significantly decreased the infection with Uromyces vignae. The best results were obtained from boron at 0.05 g/l followed by manganese 3 g/l then ferrous 3 g/l.All tested microelements caused significant increase in plant height and number of branches, leaves and pods/plant. The low concentration was more effective than the higher one except ferrous which gave the reverse. While there was no significant effect due to fungicide treatment on these parameters. The highest values of 100-seeds weight occurred under boron application at 0.05 g/l followed by manganese at 3 g/l then boron 0.025 g/l.The high total phenol content in cowpea leaves were obtained from the application of boron at 0.05 g/l followed by manganese at 3 g/l then manganese 2 g/l. In all tested microelements treatment a significant increase in chlorophyll a, b and caroteinoids content was achieved compared with fungicide and check treatments. This study indicates that, there is a correlation between induced resistance for rust disease and accumulation of phenols.