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Background: Epilepsy is a group of disorders associated with the abnormal electrical activity of different regions of the brain. The use of anticonvulsant drugs is limited because of their low efficacy, side effects, and toxicity. Therefore, research on new drugs for epilepsy is required. Meloxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with several biological effects, such as antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory.Objectives: Earlier studies gave conflicting reports on the effect of cyclooxygenase inhibitors on seizures. Accordingly, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of meloxicam on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES) models of convulsions Methods: For each model of convulsion, 48 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups of 8 animals. Group I in two models of convulsions were considered as the control group and the intraperitoneally (i.p.) received vehicle (10 mL/kg). Group II in the PTZ model received the reference anticonvulsant drug, diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.), and group II in the MES model was treated with phenytoin (25 mg/kg, i.p.). Groups III -VI in two models of convulsions received four different doses of meloxicam (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, i.p.), respectively. Thirty minutes later, convulsion was induced by PTZ (85 mg/kg, i.p.) in PTZ model and by using ear-clip electrodes in the MES model of convulsion. Results:In the PTZ model, meloxicam showed a significant delayed onset of seizures, Straub's tail, and myoclonic seizure. Different doses of meloxicam reduced the mortality of animals in the PTZ model. In the MES model, meloxicam did not change the duration of hindlimb tonic extension and caused the death of animals unlike the PTZ model. Conclusions:According to the results, meloxicam has differential effects on two PTZ and MES models of seizure. The anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of meloxicam on the PTZ model may be mediated by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In the MES model, meloxicam did not show any beneficial effect and aggravated convulsive behavior. In the PTZ model, prostaglandins could be involved in the induction of convulsion. Conversely, in the MES model, prostaglandins may attenuate the severity of seizure at the basal level and prevent the development of convulsions. Nevertheless, more studies must be conducted to clarify the mechanisms of action of prostaglandins and meloxicam in the two PTZ and MES models of seizure.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common occupational diseases, and in recent years, several methods have been developed to evaluate risk factors for these types of disorders. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 40 tasks in small industries including carpentry, turning, welding, loading and unloading, and sewing were recorded with a video camera and in the second stage, the postures were reviewed and evaluated by six raters. In total, forty of the worst and most frequent postures were analyzed by self-raters and then, the same risk levels were determined for the six methods and analyzed with correlation and Kappa agreement coefficient tests using SPSS (version 19), and then they were compared with each other using the Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: The results revealed the importance of Kappa Coefficient in which it shows the risk level of different method and specified pair method: OCRA/SI =0.25, OCRA/HAL=0.2, SI/HAL= 0.32, SI/ RULA= 0.33, REBA/OCRA = 0.4, QEC/SI= 0.27, QEC/ RULA= 0.23Inter-rater Reliability of the methods was found as follow:ICCOCRA=0.3, ICCSI= 0.67, ICCHAL= 0.8, ICCRULA= 0.85, ICCREBA=0.8, ICCQEC=0.972.Conclusions: The results showed that there was no complete agreement among the methods. This agreement among methods is evaluated from poor to good (0.2-0.4). The ICC showed high reliability in the methods except in the OCRA method.

Background: Epilepsy is a group of disorders associated with the abnormal electrical activity of different regions of the brain. The use of anticonvulsant drugs is limited because of their low efficacy, side effects, and toxicity. Therefore, research on new drugs for epilepsy is required. Meloxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with several biological effects, such as antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory.

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