Introduction:Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among women in India today. Overall outcome of this disease is largely dependent on early detection and medical intervention. Breast self-examination (BSE) is an easy, cost effective, and safe method of screening for the same.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire-based study was conducted among female IT professionals and their scores in the fields of knowledge, attitude, and practice were calculated. The scores were categorized linearly as good, fair, and poor, then analyzed in detail. The correlation between knowledge and attitude, attitude and practice, and knowledge and practice were ascertained using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.Results:About 356 women spanning from 18 to 55 years of age were included in the study, out of which 44 women (12.35%) gave family history of breast cancer. The mean scores in knowledge, attitude, and practice fields were 18.17 ± 2.90, 27.07 ± 8.14, and 19.11 ± 5.08, respectively. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient revealed that knowledge and attitude were not correlated, attitude and practice were not correlated; but knowledge and practice were extremely correlated.Conclusion:Educational programs to create awareness regarding breast cancer and its occurrence, risk factors, screening including BSE, symptoms, need for early help-seeking practices, diagnosis, and treatment modalities are the need of the hour.

Background: Majority of breast cancer cases in developing countries are diagnosed in late stage. Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among females in Nepal and can be detected by Breast self-examination (BSE) in early stage of disease. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of breast self-examination among women of reproductive age in Butwal Sub-Metropolitan city.Methods: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study with 219 women of reproductive age residing in Butwal Sub-Metropolitan city was conducted between March and August 2016. The study samples were enrolled through the cluster random sampling design. Data was collected using an interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS ver. 16.Association was checked using the chi-square test.Results: Of total, only 31.1% of respondents had ever heard about BSE. Only 19.2% women had ever practiced BSE. The study revealed that marital status, monthly household income and level of education were independent factors influencing the knowledge of BSE while performance of BSE was influenced by monthly household income, level of education and history of breast disease.Conclusion: Knowledge and practice of BSE among women of reproductive age in Butwal sub metropolitan city was found poor and inadequate. This shows gap between knowledge and practice of BSE that might be reduced through implementation of community based awareness and skill development programs on BSE targeting the women of reproductive age group.JMMIHS.2018;4(1):117-129

Background: Maintaining the patency of peripheral arterial lines in pediatric patients during surgery can be challenging due to multiple factors, and catheter-related arterial vasospasm is a potentially modifiable cause. Papaverine, a potent vasodilator, improves arterial line patency when used as a continuous infusion in the pediatric intensive care setting, but this method is not convenient during surgery.Aim: Extrapolating from the benefit seen in the intensive care unit, the authors hypothesize that a small-volume intraarterial bolus of papaverine immediately after arterial line placement will reduce vasospasm-related arterial line malfunction. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Patients less than 17 years of age undergoing cardiac surgery were enrolled. Patients were randomized How to cite this article: Gautam NK, Griffin E, Hubbard R, et al. Intraarterial papaverine for relief of catheter-induced peripheral arterial vasospasm during pediatric cardiac surgery: A randomized double-blind controlled trial. Pediatr

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Introduction: Gingival overgrowth represents an over-exuberant response to a variety of local and systemic conditions. Certain anticonvulsants, immunosuppressive drugs, and a number of calcium channel blockers have been shown to produce similar gingival overgrowth in susceptible patients. Case report: We report a case of accelerated drug-induced gingival overgrowth in a 60-year-old hypertensive patient taking amlodipine at a dose of 10 mg. Conclusions: Among the calcium channel blockers, nifedipine is most frequently associated with gingival overgrowth.  Whereas, there is limited evidence of amlodipine-induced gingival hyperplasia.