We study Novikov superalgebras with nondegenerate associative supersymmetric bilinear forms which are called symmetric Novikov superalgebras. We show that Novikov symmetric superalgebras are associative superalgebras with additional condition. Several examples of symmetric Novikov superalgebras are included, in particular, examples of symmetric Novikov superalgebras which are not 2-nilpotent. Finally, we introduce some notions of double extensions in order to give inductive descriptions of symmetric Novikov superalgebras.