Information and communication technology (ICT) has a great role in the development, growth, and economy of the country. ICT refers to any system, device, or product that can store, manipulate, and receive and transmit digital data effectively. ICT brings clear differences in the economy of countries wherever it is successfully implemented. It becomes a reason of timely, accurate, and efficient operations and becomes a source of user satisfaction by providing them fast, better, easy service around the clock. As timely access of information and communication plays a vital role in the success of any organization either public or private, many developed countries are already competing in digitalization. It is not only convenience, but it is the prime ingredient of good governance and an indispensable part of modern life. This chapter discusses the successful implementation of ICT infrastructures in the context of good governance and builds a vibrant society, the main agenda of Vision 2030 of KSA.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been popular due to their wide range of applications in almost all walks of life including industry controls, environmental monitoring, health, transportation, military. Usually conventional sensor networks are dedicated, and private networks have little or no communication with the outside world; hence, when connected to the external world by using internet protocol (IP), they form a network of connected devices, sensors, and systems and form an internet of things (IoT). Due to rapid development of IoT infrastructures worldwide, energy demand has been increased significantly to meet the power requirements of billions of connected devices. Since WSN is a foundation of IoT; hence, IoT also inherited with the challenge of providing consistent energy and to maintain hazard-free environments. This chapter is the extension of “Energy Harvesting Models and Techniques: A Review,” which focuses on possible energy sources available in ambient environment and the technological mechanism to harvest energy for WSN and IoT that promotes green energy concept.

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The growing technologies in the world include machine learning (ML), the internet of things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI). Cybersecurity is the application of technologies that play a significant part in making secure data and reducing the risk among the users, such as computer programs, networks, data, and devices from the different cyber-attacks. In the current era of communication and information technologies, it is not possible to think of a good government without e-government. The main objective of this chapter is to look at the last 10 years of associated research articles, book chapters, and published reports on cybersecurity threats and attacks focused and founded on the e-government applications and emerging technologies for the measurement of cybersecurity. The results of this research have been used on machine learning techniques for taking authentic and scientific results. In the light of the studies, a new door will open for researchers and professionals.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has gain popularity due to their wide range of applications in almost all walks of life including industry controls, environmental monitoring, health, transportation, military, civil infrastructure, science, security and more. Wireless sensor nodes are cheap and tiny in size therefore its deployment is easier. They perform well in harsh environments where human intervention is almost difficult or not possible. However, wireless sensor networks are resource constraints and its power supply has been a big challenge to keep the sensor nodes functional for a longer period. Advancement in low power electronics helped a lot but the use and maintenance of conventional batteries with a limited life span cannot address the power supply problem effectively in a long run. Therefore, harvesting energy from ambient environment is an effective alternative both in terms of power and cost, which can help sensor networks to live longer. This chapter mainly focuses on different possible energy sources available in ambient environment and current technological mechanism to harvest energy for WSNs.