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In this study, it was investigated that repellency and insecticidal efficacy of trans-anethole of botanical origin on major stored product on pests species, namely Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). Repellency effect was evaluated by choice test in petri dishes, while the mortality effect was examined by exposure to wheat treated at different concentrations, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 µL trans anethole. In efficacy tests, after 72 hours exposure, the highest adult mortality was found on T. castaneum with a 60% mortality, while other test species showed no significant mortality. On the other hand, repellency tests revealed varying degree of repellency depending on the application dose of trans-anethole. It was determined that S. granarius belongs to repellent class III, while all of the other species fall under repellent class IV. F1 progeny decreased as trans-anethole concentration increased, and in this context 8 µL of trans-anethole is proved to be the optimal concentration causing maximum decrease in progeny production. Among the insect species tested, T. confusum was found to be the most sensitive to transanethole with 100% decrease in F1 progeny production. Our results indicate that trans-anethole can be used as a potential repellent for the control of major stored grain pests. Additionally, trans-anethole, by its contact efficacy, might be considered as a grain protectant against S. granarius, S. oryzae, T. confusum and T. castaneum.

During the offseason, when fresh food is not available, humans have to consume stored grain food. Unfortunately, these stored grains are later infested with many pests. Foods stored in bags and bins are very much susceptible to infestation with several pests which can cause extensive post-harvest losses, spoilage, and less demand in markets, causing a huge economic crisis. Hence, successful management of stored grain pests becomes necessary to prevent these from insect pests. Current approaches for their management are one of the promising goals, as it includes preventive practices, monitoring, sanitation, and identification of main pathogens. Different management strategies of all the common stored grain pests viz. grain weevils, grain borers, grain moths, flour moths, mealworms, grain and flour beetles, booklice, mites, and parasites are enlisted here.

No abstract

Evaluation of diatomaceous earth formulations for the control of rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L., 1763 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in stored rice 1 Depolanmış çeltikte pirinç biti, Sitophilus oryzae L., 1763 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)'nin mücadelesinde diyatom toprağı formülasyonlarının değerlendirilmesi Sait ERTÜRK 2* Ahmet Güray FERİZLİ 3 Mevlüt EMEKCİ 3 SummaryA study was conducted between 2012 and 2014 on the protective efficacy of diatomaceous earth (DE) formulations against Sitophilus oryzae L., 1763 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (rice weevil), a major pest of the stored rice. Biological tests were carried out at 30°C and 75% RH on rice treated with DE formulations. In the biological tests, different concentrations of Protector ® (DE formulation) and DEA-P [mixture of natural DE (83%) and 0.25% abamectin (w:w)] were used. After DE treatment, dead adults were counted once a week for a month and percentage mortalities were determined. In order to determine progeny production (F1), rice was also incubated under the same conditions for a 60-day period. Protector ® gave 100% mortality to S. oryzae adults at 1000 ppm after 14 d, and DEA-P gave the same mortality rate at 75 ppm at the same time. In studies to determine progeny (F1) emergence, Protector ® resulted in 100% mortality at 1750 ppm after 60 d of storage, while DEA-P caused 100% mortality at 50 ppm concentration. In conclusion, the protective effect of both DE formulations was confirmed, however DEA-P was more effective against S. oryzae at lower concentrations than Protector ® . Özet Bu çalışma 2012-2014 yılları arasında laboratuvar koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışma ile diyatom toprağı (DT) formülasyonlarının, önemli bir depo zararlısı olan Sitophilus oryzae L., 1763 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Pirinç biti)'ye karşı depolanmış çeltikte koruyucu etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmalar 30°C sıcaklık ve %75 orantılı nemde, DT uygulanmış çeltikte yürütülmüştür. Denemelerde Protector ® (DT formülasyonu) ve DEA-P (DT ile abemectin karışım formülasyonu) formülasyonlarının farklı konsantrasyonları kullanılmıştır. Çalışmalarda DT uygulamasının ardından birer hafta ara ile 4 kez ölü ergin birey sayımı yapılmış ve ölüm oranları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca S. oryzae'nin F1 çıkışını (birinci nesil erginleri) belirlemek amacı ile çeltik tekrar aynı koşullarda 60 gün süre ile bekletilerek yeni nesil ergin sayıları hesaplanmıştır. Protector ® , S. oryzae erginlerinde 1000 ppm konsantrasyonunda 14. günde %100 ölüm sağlarken DEA-P aynı ölüm oranını 75 ppm konsantrasyonda aynı sürede sağlamıştır. F1 çıkışlarını belirlemek için yapılan çalışmalarda ise Protector ® 60 günlük depolama süresi sonunda 1750 ppm konsantrasyonda %100 etkili olurken, DEA-P ise 50 ppm konsantrasyonda %100 ölüme neden olmuştur. Sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde, her iki diyatom toprağı formülasyonunun ürünü koruyucu etkisinin olduğu, ancak DEA-P' nin S. oryzae'ye karşı Protector ® 'unkilerden daha düşük konsantrasyonlarda etkili olduğu saptanmıştır.