Objective: To determine patient and dialysis services-related factors associated with seroconversion of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in hemodialysis (HD) patients.

This study is aimed at determining the association of inflammatory markers and proinflammatory cytokines with cardiovascular risk manifestation in women with endometriosis as compared to healthy controls. A total of 181 females of reproductive age with the absence of other inflammatory or autoimmune disorders and a lack of hormonal therapy for at least 6 months voluntarily participated in this investigation. Patients were 81 females, laparoscopically diagnosed with endometriosis, while the control group comprised 80 healthy females without any pelvic pathology. All subjects were 20-40 years of age. Exclusion criteria were diabetes, obesity, hypertension, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular, and renal disorders. C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, homocysteine, interleukin-17, and interleukin-33 were analyzed using commercially available ELISA kits. For statistical interpretation, the unpaired Student “ t ” test was used. All inflammatory markers and cytokines demonstrated elevated levels ( P < 0.001 ) in endometriosis patients as compared to healthy controls. The results of the study revealed that the patients with endometriosis demonstrate a hypercoagulable status due to inflammation, which initiates atherosclerosis and associated complications. Hence, endometriosis can cause a risk of cardiovascular disorders in these patients.

Rhabdomyolysis constitutes an uncommon cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). A large variety of causes with different pathogenic mechanisms may involve skeletal muscles resulting in rhabdomyolysis with or without acute kidney injury. Crush syndrome and unaccustomed physical exertion are the most common causes of rhabdomyolysis. This study reports local cases of AKI secondary to rhabdomyolysis that presented to a tertiary care centre over a period of four years. Most of them were males and belonged to younger age group. Muscle enzyme creatine phosphokinase level was raised in all patients, while myoglobinuria was detected only in one patient. Most of the patients (10/16) were managed conservatively with fluid replacement; and some of them (6/16) needed dialysis. AKI was resolved in all the patients after a variable period of time.

Perturbations in the actions of T3 and T4 influence the normal metabolic pathways. Responsiveness of lipid biomarkers like LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG, Apo-A, and Apo-B after rehabilitation of thyroid profile attaining euthyroid state was determined. A total of 179 age-matched subjects of both genders were recruited for this research. Sixty healthy controls, thirty-four subclinical, fifty overt hyperthyroid, and thirty-five follow-up subjects having 3 months of Carbimazole therapy were enrolled. Biochemical analysis was performed by chemistry analyzer, RIA, and ELISA. One-way ANOVA was applied for the statistical analysis, while significance ( P < 0.05 ) of means was compared by the Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) test. Pronounced reduction ( P < 0.001 ) of cholesterol in overt as compared to control and subclinical was noticed, whereas marked improvement ( P < 0.001 ) was evidenced in follow-up. Prominent elevation ( P < 0.05 ) of TG in follow-up was evidenced as compared to control. Overt presented marked reduction of HDL-C as compared to subclinical and control ( P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 ), respectively. Pronounced elevation ( P < 0.001 ) of HDL-C was evidenced after treatment. Overt presented reduction of LDL-C as compared to subclinical and control ( P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 , respectively). The follow-up group demonstrated considerable ( P < 0.001 ) improvement of LDL-C after treatment and elevation ( P < 0.05 ) as compared to control. Overt presented reduction of Apo-B as compared to subclinical and control ( P < 0.05 and P < 0.001 , respectively). Improvement ( P < 0.05 ) of Apo-B was evidenced in follow-up. Reduction ( P < 0.05 ) of Apo-A in overt as compared to control and elevation ( P < 0.05 ) in follow-up as compared to overt was evidenced. Conclusively, improvement after treatment was evidenced in lipid profile.