Non-participants in a host community play a vital role in the success of that destination. Community participation issues in a destination may propel a community to fail in their relations, businesses and attachments. In addition, there is a bias toward participants rather than non-participants in previous studies and non-participants in tourism activities have been neglected, therefore this study aims to investigate the supporting behavior of those non-participants and tries to identify factors discourage local people to participate in Community-Based Tourism activities by using a qualitative local participation approach. The results indicate the existence of a wide range of factors including; relation with current participants; time and capital limitations; religious and cultural sensitivities; envious sensitivities and communication barriers effect local participation in community-based tourism and specifically Malaysia Homestay Program.

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There has been a long debate about whether exchange rate depreciation promotes output growth or not. In this context, we use Iran’s foreign exchange market which has had large fluctuations in recent years. Since the exchange rate influence on industries’ activity through different mechanisms, we examine the exchange rate effects in the industry level. To do this, the Iranian manufacturing industries data at 4-digit ISIC level are used from 2011 to 2017. The results of GMM dynamic panel data estimations show that the effects of real exchange rate depreciation on average, are positive in the non-crisis periods. But this relationship does not remain valid in a currency crisis conditions. Accordingly, depreciation does not have any positive effects during the currency crisis. Also, estimation results indicate the exchange rate volatility negatively affects industrial production in all periods. Our findings confirm that due to different characteristics of industries, the effects of exchange rate on production vary among them. So, export orientation, access to the preferential rate and higher level of raw material inventory amplify the positive effect of the real depreciation while import dependency and a higher level of final goods inventory fade the effect and turn into negative in some industries.