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In this paper, a biquad filter configuration based on two voltage differencing transconductance amplifiers (VDTAs) as newly active elements and only two capacitors as passive elements is proposed which can realize voltage-mode low pass (LP), band pass (BP), high pass (HP), band reject (BR) and all pass (AP) filtering responses using three voltage inputs. Simultaneously, the same configuration can also be used to obtain LP, BP and HP filtering responses in transadmittancemode. The proposed biquad is capable of providing electronic control of quality factor independent of pole frequency through single transconductance parameter (biasing current). It also offers the advantage of low active and passive sensitivity. To support the theoretical analysis, the PSPICE simulation of the proposed circuit is done using 0.18 μm CMOS technology from TSMC.

This paper introduces a novel current tunable biquad universal filter structure based on four Z-copy current conveyor transconductance amplifiers (ZC-CCTAs) and two capacitors. The proposed structure is a mixed mode topology that allows current and/or voltage signals at input and output terminals and can generate various biquad filtering responses namely all pass (APF), band pass (BPF), band reject (BRF), high pass (HPF) and low pass (LPF) in each of the four possible modes as current input current output (CICO), current input voltage output (CIVO), voltage input voltage output (VIVO) and voltage input current output (VICO) form. The proposed topology is resistor free and posses electronic tuning capability of filter characteristics by adjusting bias current(s) of the device. Besides, the proposed topology also offers reasonable total harmonic distortion (THD) up to 2.18% and leads to less sensitivity with respect to active-passive components. The simulation and design of the circuit is performed using 0.18-[Formula: see text]m CMOS technology environment in PSPICE.