Purpose of the study: This research intends to find out the role of generativity in green purchase behavior. Moreover, the mediating roles of environmental concern and pro-social attitude have also been proposed. Methodology: This study was conducted on 689 university students given the sensitivity towards the concepts of generativity, environmental concern, pro-social attitude, and green purchase behavior. The model validity was verified by performing the exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Finally, to test the hypotheses, hierarchal regression was performed. Main Findings: Results endorsed the positive impact of generativity concern on green purchase behavior. Additionally, the mediating roles of Environmental concern and pro-social attitude were also verified. Applications of this study: This study will be very useful for companies that are offering green products/services. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study distinguishes itself from prior studies by adding new predictors to the model of green purchase behavior. Furthermore, this study verifies the role of Environmental concern and Pro-social attitude on the link of GEN-GPB.

The existing study intends to measure those factors that affect dividend policy by considering pharmasuitacal’s companies registered on PSX from 2013 to 2017. Population based on all sectors of Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) in which pharmaceutical’s companies taken as a sample by using census sampling technique because all companies of pharmaceutical sector were considered. Panel VAR model, fixed effect model (FAM) and also used a regression model to define the influence of IV on DV. The results revealed that has a significant effect of managerial ownership, debt policy, ROA, firm size and free cash flow on dividend policy. The findings of this study demonstrated that the company’s future performance has more concern for the betterment investors than current revenue. There should be active focus on the future aspects in order to improve firm performance.

Corporate governance plays a significant role in determining cash holdings of the corporation. The behavior of corporate manager in companies where the protection of rights of the shareholders is week leads to the problem of agency. The key aim of this study is to scrutinize the influence of foreign portfolio investment and corporate governance on corporate cash holdings. For analysis trade off theory, agency cost theory and Modern Theory of Portfolio are reviewed. The study is performed by taking 67 listed manufacturing firms in the Pakistan stock exchange for the period of 2013-2018.Chow test, Breusch-Pagan Lagrange Multiplier (LM) Test and Hausman specification test performed for data analysis. The results showed that FPI inflow has a significant and negative impact on cash holdings. In terms of corporate governance ownership concentration has a significant and negative impact on the cash holdings while board size significant and positive impact and board independence has an insignificant and positive impact on the cash holdings. This study concluded that corporate governance practices must be improved and made effective in such a way so as to attract and retain investment and also protect the shareholders rights and managers must perform in the best concern of the shareholders by investing cash in healthy projects to minimize the agency conflict.

Background: Oral health is an important part of overall health and wellbeing. Among different oral disorders, dental caries seems to afflict a vast number of people throughout the world, especially in developing countries like Pakistan. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of dental carries and their associated risk factors in tertiary care hospital Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Dentil unit of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar for duration of one year from January, 2021 to December, 2021. All the factors associated with the dental carries were documented on a pre-designed Performa. Data analysis was carried out by using IBM SPSS version 24. Results: In this study, 300 subjects were included. There were 174 (58%) males and females were 126 (42%). The prevalence of dental carries in our subjects was 53%. In this study, 261 (87%) subjects were observed to clean their teeth. Majority of the subjects 180 (60%) clean their teeth daily. The majority of the participants 225 (75%) use tooth brush for cleaning teeth. Sweets were consumed once a day by 210 (70%) participants. Most of the subjects (92%) did not clean their teeth after consuming sweets. Consumption of carbonated drink was observed in 180 (60%) subjects. In our study, 270 (90%) of the subjects have decayed teeth with mean Decayed Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) score of 3.59. Conclusion: Our study concludes that dental carries is highly prevalent in our population. Poor oral hygiene practices were observed in our study. Most of the participants were observed to clean their teeth just once a day. Poor dietary habit like high use of carbonated drinks was also observed in our study. Keywords: Prevalence; Dental carries; Risk factors, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa

Objective: To assess the restoration’s success after chemo mechanical caries removal by using papain based gel. Study Design: Descriptive case study Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Operative Dentistry Department from March, 2019 to August, 2021. Methodology: Two hundred patients were selected. All Patients of both genders having age of 8-16 years were included and patients with presence of fistula and patients having history of pain were excluded. Papain based gel had been applied to the cavity and allows 40-50 seconds for the gel to work, and the patients had been followed up for 30 days for evaluation of restoration. Results: The average age was 14.07±1.88 years. The success of restoration was present in 82.0% while it was absent in 18.0%. Conclusion: Removal of caries after chemo mechanical by using papain based gel showed high efficacy of success of restoration. Keywords: Chemo-mechanical caries removal (CMCR), Chemo mechanical, Papain based gel