Background: The aim of this study was to identify common ocular manifestations in children with developmental delay in an eye hospital of northern part of Bangladesh.Methods: It was a retrospective medical record review of children with developmental delay who attended the pediatric ophthalmology department in an eye hospital from January 2019 to December 2019. Data were collected for their age, gender, past medical history, ophthalmic examination findings and systemic problems. Ophthalmic examination included examination of lid and adnexa, anterior and posterior segment examination and assessment of squint and refraction.Results: Medical records of 102 with developmental delay were identified and studied (59 boys and 43 girls, mean age 1.57 years, 53.9% aged <1 year). Of these children, 44 (43.1%) were referred by the pediatricians. The most common past medical histories were perinatal asphyxia (42.2%), history of convulsion (30.4%), neonatal seizures (9.8%) and history of speech delay (1%). On ophthalmic examination, 30 (29.5%) had poor vision, 20 (19.6%) had refractive error, 23 (22.5%) had Strabismus and 11 (10.8%) had nystagmus. Optic atrophy was also observed among 11 children (10.8%).Conclusions: Ocular manifestations are commonly seen in children with developmental delay which can be cause of severe visual impairment and overall disability in later life. Hence an early ophthalmologic screening and intervention in these children by developing good referral network between ophthalmologist and pediatricians can help to substantially improve the developmental and academic achievement.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the amount of refractive changes after pterygium surgery and to compare the relationship between amounts of astigmatism with grade of pterygium.Methods: A prospective, interventional, comparative study was conducted on one hundred eyes of 100 patients of primary pterygium attending the outpatients department of Ispahani Islamia eye hospital and Institute, Dhaka from May, 2019 to November, 2019. Pterygium was graded according to morphology and the extent of corneal encroachment. Manifest refraction was performed preoperatively and at 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. All patients underwent stem cell conjunctival autograft by fibrin glue by different surgeons.Results: The astigmatism decreased significantly following pterygium excision. The mean pre-operative astigmatism was 1.69±1.13 D and reduced post-operatively to 0.23±0.27 D (p value <0.001). The mean pre-operative VA was 6/24 and reduced post-operatively to 6/9.Conclusions:There was statistically significant correlation between grade of pterygium and induced astigmatism (p value <0.001). The present study verifies that amount of pterygium induced astigmatism is directly proportional to increase in the size of pterygium.

Background: Human Nipah virus (NiV) infection is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the NiV resulting in severe illness in humans. The physicians can represent a lead role in disease prevention if they have the right knowledge regarding disease. This study aimed to state the assessment of knowledge regarding NiV infection among physicians in a selected tertiary hospital, Rangpur, Bangladesh.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 211 physicians in Rangpur Medical College and Hospital by pretested structured questionnaire, from January 2020 to December 2020, using a convenient sampling method. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews.Results: The majority of the respondents (69%) were within the 21 to 25 years of age group, mean age was 25±2.9 years where 54% of respondents were female. A questionnaire was comprised of 87 questions regarding knowledge on NiV infection. The findings revealed that 19% had good knowledge, 50% had fair and about 31% had poor level of knowledge regarding NiV infection. Among the respondents, 83% mentioned lack of awareness as a barrier regarding the prevention of NiV infection. Inferential statistics were done at a 95% confidence interval and 5% level of significance. Those who were aged between 21 to 25 years had significantly good knowledge than those who were more than 26 years of age (p=0.002).Conclusions: This study concludes that knowledge of the physicians on NiV infection was at a fair or average level. There is a dire need for the routine integration of the awareness and safety precaution practice among the physicians.