This prospective study was done to know the complications of TURP as a treatment modality for BPH. 1200 patients having TURP at Jinnah and Mayo Hospital, Lahore from 1996 to 2002 were included. All the patients were evaluated by history, examination and investigations. Age range included from 45 to 115 years. Retention of urine was commonest indication for the procedure followed by raised prostatic symptom score. Seventy-two percent patients had prostate size between 31 to 50 gram on DRE and Ultrasonography. Hypertension, DM and pulmonary diseases were common comorbid conditions in these patients. In early complication clot retention in 8% and ITTI in 7.6%, and failure to void in 4.7%. In the late complication stricture 6%, impotence 2.3% and incontinence 0.5%. Histopathology detected carcinoma of the prostate in 6% patients.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and cost effectiveness of cold knife optical internal urethrotomy with perineal urethroplasty (excision and end to end anastomosis) in the management of post traumatic short posterior urethral stricture. Design: an observational prospective study. Place and duration of study: the study was performed in the department of urology and kidney transplantation Services hospital/post graduate medical institute Lahore, from September 1997 to December 1999. Patients and methods: Forty male patients of post traumatic posterior urethral stricture revealed by their urethrogram were included in the study. Patients were divided in two groups randomly (group A & group B). After complete evaluation, patients of group A were managed by internal uretherotomy, while those of group B by perineal urethroplasty. Follow up was done at 1,3,6,9 & 12 months. Results: age range of the patients was 20 to 59 years with the mean age of 35.5 years. Road traffic accident was the main cause (82.5%). After facing the traumatic urethral injury, there was history of attempted Foley catheterization (47.5%), bouginage (15%) and intervention by rail road technique in 10% of the patients. All patients were with supra pubic catheter because of failure to void. The length of stricture varied from 0.5 to 2.0 cm (mean 1.4 cm). Clinical response at the end of the study in group A & B was "good" in 58.82% & 66.66%, "satisfactory" in 23.52% & 22.22% and "poor" in 17.64% &11.11% respectively. The mean cost of operation, hospital stay and loss of working hours were less in group A as compared to that of group B. Conclusion: The results of perineal urethroplasty are comparatively better than optical urethrotomy. The other differences of the two procedures lie in operative time cost of the operation and mean hospital stay. It is concluded that optical urethrotomy is an acceptable alternative to urethroplasty in patients with short post traumatic posterior urethral stricture.

Small scale mining industry is considered more hazardous than other industries worldwide. Large number of workers receive minor and major injuries leading to disabilities or loss of lives due to frequent accidents in mines. Main causes of accidents in mines are fall of roof, improper ventilation system, gases, fires and mine explosions. Beside these hazards, violation of rules and regulations for mine workers are common, which also cause accidents. This paper is focused on issues associated with the health and safety of workers of Cherat Coal Mines (CCM), Abbottabad Coal Mine (ACM) and Abbottabad Soapstone Mine (ASM), Pakistan. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS computer statistics software. The data analyses indicated that the lack of education and violation of safety laws cause accidents in mines. Results show that problems that were rated higher by more than 60% of workers included slide and fall, dust, roof fall and explosive related hazards. In survey more than 50% of the workers admitted the existence of gases, fire and low height mines are common hazards in their workplace. The results also indicated that not only workers but management are also affected by accidents. More than 17% of worker in CCM faced serious accidents up to 3 times during one year. Up to 26% of workers in CCM, 13% in ACM and 15% in ASM suffered accidents for which they had 3 workdays off. It has been concluded that training should be arranged, especially the safety related training on regular basis to reduce the risk of accidents.

Bladder tumour is a devastating condition demand a lot of consultation and follow up. In patients suffering from superficial bladder tumour recurrence rate after five years follow up is 15-20%. The occupation most commonly concerned with bladder tumour are farmers. persons dealing with pesticide, dye industry, transport and office workers. We conducted the study to see the occupational involvement in our set up. We found the farmers 43.2% are most commonly involved in bladder tumour. The uncontrolled use of pesticides, illiteracy, poor economic condition and non-availability of basic diagnostic tool at gross root level are the main cause in its late diagnosis and treatment.