Pulmonary tuberculosis is a contagious disease of the lung caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease is curable and preventable, but its sequelae induce structural lung damage, physiological dysfunction resulting in disability, respiratory distress, and decreased exercise capacity affecting ADLs. Pneumothorax is considered to be a major complication of TB among all the known sequelae. In the present case, the patient complained of moderate dyspnea, chest pressure, and chest pain. Based on chest radiography and a previous diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, the patient was diagnosed with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP). The pneumothorax was relieved by medical intervention, i.e. by intercostal drainage, but our goal was to increase the ventilation and oxygenation of the lungs, improve airways hygiene, improve the exercise tolerance and minimize the work of breathing so that the patient can go back to his normal day-to-day activities without any trouble. A comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation plan was structured to suit the patient's goal and was implemented and routinely followed for 1 month. It included a range of interventions like breathing exercises, airway clearance techniques, physical mobility exercises, and posture retraining. The patient demonstrated significant functional improvement in aerobic capacity, endurance, exercise tolerance capacity, and increased shoulder joint mobility. In the present case, it has also been validated that medical management anchored with Pulmonary Rehabilitation will help in gaining better outcomes.

Pulmonary tuberculosis is considered among the most common air-borne respiratory disease. TB is found almost all over the globe but it is also curable and preventable. However, it frequently has several negative consequences on the lung, which affects the patient's exercise tolerance capacity, everyday activities, and, ultimately, quality of life. The PTB is frequently associated with various subsequent problems. Few of which are presented in this case, along with their management. The current case involves a 36-year-old girl who had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis and was re-diagnosed with it, albeit with difficulties. She initially suffered pleural effusion, for which therapeutic tapping was performed, but it later progressed to empyema thoracis. She underwent thoracocentesis, which involved draining the fluid and breaking the fibrous septations, followed by the insertion of ICD drainage. Medical management was successful, but to return the patient to her normal daily routine activities without any signs of dyspnea or fatigue, a comprehensive rehabilitation program incorporating various respiratory techniques was devised, which proved to be an effective protocol in improving the patient's respiratory condition.

Mucormycosis, often known as 'black fungus' in India, is a fungal illness that has been identified in COVID-19 patients on an irregular basis. This case report describes a patient who was diagnosed with rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis infection following COVID-19 infection. The COVID-19 infection weakens the patient's immune system, making the patient more susceptible to other fungal infections. He had surgery for this as well as ocular exenteration surgery. A physiotherapy treatment was intended to battle the post-surgery problems, including COVID-19 infection. The goal of the physiotherapy was to improve the patient's facial muscles after surgery. Following recovery from the COVID-19 infection, it also aimed to strengthen the patient's respiratory capacity and increase his exercise tolerance. As a result, the patient's quality of life improves. It included the facial proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) exercise as well as a wellplanned cardiovascular exercise programme. The 6-minute walk test, peak expiratory flow rate, and quality of life questionnaire were used to assess the efficacy of the physiotherapy treatment.

Adenocarcinoma of the lung along with malignant pleural effusion is an autonomous predictor of decreased survival, thus the main focus of the clinician should be on palliative care. In this case report, we describe chemotherapy, palliative care physiotherapy, and the necessary pulmonary rehabilitation approaches that were used for our patient. It offers a path to treatment planning, with a day-wise protocol aimed at alleviating the patient's symptoms. The patient came to the respiratory medicine department with complaints of severe cough with mucoid expectoration, breathlessness, and generalized weakness; on examination, the patient was tachypneic, tachycardic, and had grade 1 clubbing. His CT scan and chest radiography revealed wide opacity covering most of the right lung, suggesting pleural effusion. When the pleural fluid was examined, it was hemorrhagic and malignant. Thus, he was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the lung. A few days later, the patient was referred to a respiratory physiotherapist, who assessed him and recommended a palliative care program and pulmonary rehabilitation. On the day of assessment, the patient was evaluated using various outcome measures, the same measures were again evaluated on the day of discharge and follow-up. These outcome measures revealed significant improvements in cough severity, breathlessness, depression, anxiety, pulmonary capacities, incision site pain, weakness, and overall quality of life. Hence, it is reasonable to conclude that a well-planned pulmonary rehabilitation and palliative care program will improve the patient's respiratory, musculoskeletal, and psychological manifestations during his remaining days.

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