Une meilleure compréhension de l'évolution des modes d'utilisation des sols et du couvert végétal est une préoccupation majeure pour les pays dont les écosystèmes subissent des dégradations sévères. En effet, les dynamiques d'occupation des sols ont des implications directes sur la disponibilité des ressources naturelles. Notre étude menée sur les monts du Tessala en Algérie occidentale, en utilisant l'indice de végétation par différence normalisée (NDVI), met en évidence l'ampleur des changements du couvert végétal entre 1987 à 2007. Une évolution régressive prononcée du couvert végétal est constatée au sud-est et au nord-ouest des monts du Tessala, tout particulièrement dans la "forêt de Tessala", sur les communes d'Aïn-Thrid, Tessala et Sehala. Les principaux facteurs contribuant à la régression du couvert végétal sont : la déforestation (plus de 26 délits de coupe par an), le surpâturage (420 délits de pâturage illicite par an), les incendies de forêts (plus de 20 incendies par an) et l'érosion hydrique qui en résulte (environ 72 % des superficies sont concernées). A better understanding of the changing patterns of land use and land cover, is a major concern for countries where ecosystems are being severely degraded. Indeed, the dynamic feature of land use has important implications on natural resources. Our study conducted on the Tessala mountains, by using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), put in evidence the importance of changes in vegetation cover between 1987 and 2007. A pronounced regressive evolution is observed in south-east and north-west of the Tessala mountains, especially in the "forest of Tessala", in the communes of Aïn-Thrid, Tessala and Sehala. The main factors of environmental degradation, are : deforestation (over 26 offenses cut every year), overgrazing (420 crimes of illegal grazing every year), forest fires (more than 20 fires every year) and resultant erosion (more than 72 % of the area is concerned and mainly in the south-east)
The Tessala mountains constitute a fragile ecosystem, they are confronted with several problems with knowing loss of the farmed lands, bad distribution and occupation of the soil, low organic matter, rough and unstable soil (the slope exceeds in some places the 25%). to understand the problem of hydrous erosion in the Tessala mountains, a model of approach using geographic information system was proposed. Geographic data were processed by mapping using specialized software. After treatment, we identified the areas where the susceptibility to erosion is significant. Over 80% of the land of our study area is susceptible to hydrous erosion at different degrees highly sensitive (32.5%), moderately sensitive (44%) insensitive (15%) and stability (7.5%).
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