RESUMENLa histiocitosis de células de Langerhans es una enfermedad infrecuente en el lactante y su presentación como una adenitis cervical aislada sin otra sintomatología es excepcional en estos pacientes. Se describe el caso de una lactante de 3 meses de edad que presentaba una tumoración cervical en el ángulo mandibular derecho, con mala respuesta al tratamiento antibiótico. Se realizó una punción-aspiración con aguja fina, que confirmó el diagnóstico de histiocitosis de células de Langerhans. El estudio de extensión no mostró afectación sistémica. Debe considerarse la histiocitosis de células de Langerhans en el diagnóstico diferencial de una masa cervical subaguda de evolución tórpida en los lactantes de corta edad y se debe plantear la realización de una punción-aspiración con aguja fina de manera precoz para establecer el diagnóstico. Palabras clave: histiocitosis de células de Langerhans, lactante, linfadenitis. ABSTRACTLangerhans cell histiocytosis in infants is a rare condition, and presentation as an isolated cervical adenitis is exceptional at this age. We describe the case of a 3-month-old female infant presenting with a neck mass in the right mandibular angle with poor response to antibiotic treatment. Fine needle aspiration was performed and confirmed the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with complementary tests showing no features of systemic involvement. Langerhans cell histiocytosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of subacute neck masses with poor outcome in infants and physicians should consider performing a fine needle aspiration to establish the diagnosis.
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