The present study aimed to identify the effects of sugar and methods [slow freezing (SF) vs fast freezing (FF)] on post-thaw in-vitro functional characteristics of cryopreserved caprine SSCs (cSSCs) and the cells obtained from cryopreserved testis tissue of pre-pubertal Barbari bucks. For this, in experiment-1, cSSCs were isolated and cryopreserved by either SF or FF method with different nonpermeable [sugars; trehalose (140 mM; 140T or 400 mM; 400T), and sucrose (140 mM; 140S or 400 mM; 400S)] or/and permeable [5% ethylene glycol (EG) and DMSO] cryoprotectants. After one-wk of cryopreservation, the cSSCs were thawed and cultured for evaluation of their characteristics. Further, in experiment-2, the effectiveness of sugars [trehalose (140 mM) or sucrose (140 mM)] for cryopreservation of testicular tissues of pre-pubertal Barbari bucks using the SF or FF method was evaluated. After one-wk of cryopreservation, the tissues were thawed and cSSCs were isolated and cultured for 3-wk. In both experiments, cSSCs were evaluated for recovery rate, proliferation, metabolic viability, senescence, and stemness markers expression. The recovery rate was 1.3, 1.3, and 1.1-folds higher in the 140T group compared with EG, 140S, and 400S groups, respectively. Similarly, the expression of stemness markers (PGP9.5 and OCT-4) was relatively higher in 140T group compared with the other groups. In experiment 2, the recovery rate of cells per unit tissue wt. was significantly (P<0.05) higher when cryopreserved using 140 mM trehalose compared with other groups. The results of immunocytochemical analyses imply the expression of pluripotent stem cell markers in cSSCs following cryopreservation. Overall, the outcome of the study demonstrates different effects of sugars and methods on post-thaw functional properties of cSSCs with superiority of 140 mM trehalose using SF method over other treatment groups. These results are important for ex-vivo expansion and differentiation of cSSCs for fertility preservation and their other downstream applications.

Background: The quality of gametes is a crucial factor for the successful development of an embryo. The potential of oocyte development is acquired during oogenesis by many changes at the molecular and cellular levels. The present study explores the effect of leptin and IGF-I supplementation on in vitro oocyte maturation and the expression of apoptotic genes in matured goat oocytes. Methods: In vitro maturation of abattoir-derived oocytes was in maturation media having supplements as the group I (control), group II (leptin 20 ng/ml) and group III (IGF-I 100 ng/ml). From these oocytes, RNA was isolated and expressions of apoptotic genes were studied. Result: There was no significant difference found between cumulus expansion and also in nuclear maturation in groups I, II, III. The relative expression of BAX gene was 0.65 fold lower in group II and 0.42 fold lower in group III as compared to group I whereas relative expression of Mcl-1 gene was 2.55 fold higher in group II and 0.31 fold lower in group III as compared to group I.