IDH1 (isocitrate dehydrogenase 1) mutation might be encounter in the low-grade glioma occurs in early stages of development and directs the progression of the tumor to a higher grade. Aim of the study was to assess the frequency of IDH1 mutation in Iraqi patients with gliomas by immunohistochemical study, to correlate its immunoreactivity with some clinicopathological parameters. The study did on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tumor tissue from 66 patients with different grades of intracranial gliomas of both gender and all age groups in the Baghdad city were collected in this retrospective and prospective randomized study. Ten normal brain tissue samples in form of paraffin blocks took from forensic medicine unit. New technique used, which is manual tissue microarray Immunohistochemical detection of IDH1 antibodies did by Dako autostainer link 48. Positive cytoplasmic IDH1 staining was found in 38 (57.6%) of cases of glioma. In adult gliomas, secondary glioblastoma multiforme, low grade astrocytoma and oligodendroglial tumors had the greatest values of IDH1 positivity (87%, 80% and 72.72% respectively) followed by anaplastic astrocytoma (42%), then primary glioblastoma multiforme (26%). Males and females expressed the IDH1 equally. The conclusions from the work were IDH1 mutation commonly existed in adult gliomas, low-grade gliomas and secondary glioblastoma, it had no role in pediatric gliomas, and it could be a diagnostic and prognostic marker.

FOXM1 (Forkhead box protein M1) promoted EMT (Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition) in breast cancer by binding and activation of the promoter of SLUG gene. that FOXM1 promotes breast cancer metastases by activation of the TGF-β pathway with through interaction SMAD3 (this prevented E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase transcriptional intermediary factor 1 γ [TIF1 γ] binding to SMAD3 and protected SMAD4 from ubiquitination) that leads to stabilization of the SMAD3/SMAD4 complex. The study samples included seventy four formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue blocks which have been diagnosed as forty four cases of breast carcinoma and their lymph nodes. In the present study from 74 total cases, 46 cases (62.6%) were showing FOXM1 marker positive while 28 cases (37.8%) were showing negative immunohistochemistry for FOXM1 marker. Sub classification of malignant cases, 16 malignant breast cancer cases (36.4%) showed no FOXM1 expression, while 12 malignant cases (27.3%) were strongly positive for FOXM1 expression. There is significant correlation between breast carcinoma grade, stage and FOXM1 expression.