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The seaward slope of embankment that experience erosion due to washing of soil particles from the wave action might resulting the slope become steeper by time and posing a threat to the closest residents. The objective of this research is to examine the existing slope protection methods for Senggarang Coastal Embankment (SCE) in terms of functionality and performance. This paper explores the possible success and failure factors of the slope protection methods by performing the stability analysis of the slope. Desk research were conducted to identify the potential slope protection scheme for SCE then simulated with PLAXIS 2D to refine the proposed solution. Embankment was simulated using silty clay with different water level at 1 m, 2 m and 3 m to see the total displacement, effective stress, excess pore pressure and discharge of seepage. As a result, the deformation for embankment with innovative method is 10% lower than embankment without any slope protection. Meanwhile, the discharge of seepage for embankment with innovative slope protection has reduced by 40% compared to the embankment in the absence of slope protection. In summary, this study has found the water level effect on the displacement and stability of the embankment. The higher the water level, the higher the displacement of the embankment.

In Malaysia, the remediation of soils polluted by organic compounds is a challenging issue in environmental engineering. Improper treatment and conventional remove-and-replace approaches have low performance in terms of cost and sustainability. Hence, chemical stabilisation has been utilised worldwide to enhance the engineering properties of organic soils. This study focused on stabilising organic soil using cementitious-based chemicals blended with netted-polymeric fibre to improve its strength. This paper reviews the relevant past work as a basis for work in the pipeline. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of netted-polymeric fibre reinforcement on the shear strength characteristics of the stabilised organic sand. The fibre has tensile resistance that can be mobilised by normal pressures acting on fibre reinforcement soil. The best mixture of sand, clay, organic content and stabiliser for organic soil treatment will be identified as the way forward. The shear strength characteristics of the stabilised organic soil samples would then be evaluated parametrically using field application considerations.

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One of the common problems of coastal embankments is water seepage. The Senggarang Coastal Embankment (SCE) is examined in the present work, with the objective of proposing the improvement of the earth structure via chemical stabilization. The stabilized soil embankment was simulated and analyzed with PLAXIS 8 to identify a conceptual proposition of solution using a conventional and innovative stabilizer, i.e., lime-ZnO and cement-CSP (cockle shell powder). The base of the embankment was assumed to be bedrock, in order to eliminate the passage of water below the embankment. Stabilization was taken as 100 % for the embankment, i.e., a homogeneous earth structure made entirely of stabilized soil for seepage mitigation. Input parameters for the simulations were acquired from both field samples and past studies. Varying water levels due to tidal effect were applied in the model to determine the changes of pore pressure distribution which could potentially lead to instability of the embankment. As water level increases with the rising tide, total displacement of the original earth embankment was found to increase as the soil weakened, with decreasing effective shear stress. Replacement of the embankment backfill with cement-CSP and lime-ZnO were both observed to significantly reduce the displacements. The use of both stabilizers not only improves the SCE’s engineering performance in terms of reduced water seepage and displacement, accompanied by increased strength, but the ‘green’ nature of the former, as derived from organic waste, also enhances the appeal of the stabilization technique.