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Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a condition that accounts for a high percentage of cardiovascular fatalities, with ventricular tachyarrhythmias being the most common cause. There are signs and symptoms of SCD that occur spontaneously without any warning and are deadly. Despite preventative efforts focusing on the use of subcutaneous implanted cardioverter defibrillators (S-ICD) in the highest-risk population categories, a high number of SCDs occur in the normal population and in people who do not have a documented cardiac condition. Therefore, primary prevention for SCD should be a more viable strategy for the general population, considering measures in the form of preventive medicine such as knowing more about any genetic predisposition, family history of any fatal arrhythmia, continuous surveillance after any syncope with unknown causes, etc. However, little data about SCD risk factors are known in comparison with other well-known diseases like ischemic heart disease and stroke. In search of medical databases for relevant medical literature, we looked at PubMed/Medline, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Thirteen publications were discovered after the papers were located, assessed, and qualifying criteria were applied. The finished articles were done to give an overview of SCD. Some others have shown that the major predisposition for SCD is related to the male gender, which increases the incidence if they have a family history of SCD. We described the importance of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as a comorbid condition. Patients with S-ICD and young athletes with a history of ventricular arrhythmia showed us that the predisposition for SCD can be higher than in the normal population. Based on the above, we concluded that more study is required to establish the most important approach for each of the risk factors mentioned in this systematic review in order to apply them in daily practice and have more knowledge about how to apply preventive and therapeutic medicine to the population at risk and the ones that already develop the disease.

Purpose Patient compliance during orthodontic treatment has a significant effect on the aims, outcome, and duration of the treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of reminders on enhancing orthodontic patient compliance. Patients and Methods Twenty-six subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances were randomly assigned into two groups: control (Ct) and intervention (In) groups. The oral hygiene parameters of plaque index (PI), bleeding index (BI), and white spot lesion (WSL) with appointment adherence and bracket fracture were recorded at base line (T0), 2 months (T1), 4 months (T2), and 6 months (T3). In group participants received weekly reminders and subjects’ compliances were classified into poor, fair, and excellent compliance. Results Statistically significant differences were found in PI level at T2 between Ct and In groups (p-value = 0.006), whereas a non-significant difference was found for BI (p-value>0. 05). There was a statistically significant increase in WSL for the Ct group across the study time points (p-value = 0.03), while no significant change in WSL was detected for the In group (p-value>0.05). The compliance levels of In and Ct groups were excellent and fair, respectively. Conclusion The study suggests that weekly reminders can enhance the oral hygiene status in patients with orthodontic appliances (POA) and elevate the level of compliance to excellent. Registration number ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05331820.

Background: The appendiceal disease is one of the most common reasons for emergency hospital admission, and appendectomy is one of the most frequently performed emergency procedures. Obstruction of the appendiceal lumen is the usual cause of acute appendicitis. However, in elderly patients, it may also be due to a neoplasm of appendix, cecum, or even colorectal carcinoma and appendicitis can be its first manifestation. Of all the gastrointestinal tract malignancies, colorectal carcinoma is the most common one. Objective: To find the incidence of the carcinoma of colon in patients above 40 years of age who underwent appendectomy. Methods: Two groups of patients studied from Sulaimani Teaching Hospital and Kurdistan Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Both groups underwent colonoscopy and one group only had appendectomy. Non-appendectomized group used as control. A 213 patients from a total of 545 patients studied from October 1st, 2018 to September 30th, 2019. Results: More than half of the patients (54%) had normal colonoscopy, others showed internal hemorrhoid (15.5%), polyp (15%), sigmoid mass (0.9%), rectosigmoid mass (0.5%) and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (0.5%). Histopathology results were tubular adenoma with low-grade dysplasia (36.4%), hyperplastic polyps (34.1%), adenocarcinoma (2.3%), and familial adenomatous polyposis (2.3%). Conclusion: The incidence of colorectal carcinoma is 4.76% in the studied group whom underwent appendectomy after 40 years of age. Keywords: Acute appendicitis, adenocarcinoma, colonoscopy, colorectal cancer, mucinous neoplasm of appendix, appendectomy. Citation: Faraj FH, Abdulla AA, Abdulqader GMR, Mardan ME, Mohammed SA, Mahmood MMS, Hussein SA, Shareef WOH. Incidence of colorectal carcinoma in patients undergoing appendectomy after age of 40 years in Sulaimani Teaching Hospital. Iraqi JMS. 2021; 19(1): 24-32. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.19.1.4