The maintenance of thyroid hormone homeostasis is essential in the regulation of skeletal system development, bone tissue mineralization and fracture risk prevention. This study was carried out to evaluate the serum level of osteoprotegerin (OPG), sclerostin (SOST), and osteocalcin (OC) in hypo-and hyperthyroidism patients. a total number of examined patients was 90 individuals, 30 of them were normal as a control group, the rest 60 individuals were arranged in two groups: 30 patients with hypothyroidism and 30 patients with hyperthyroidism. Serum assay tests for OPG, SOST, OC, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (T3), and total thyroxine (T4) were used. The present study reported high levels of SOST, T3, and T4 and low levels of OPG, OC, and TSH in patients with hyperthyroidism compared to control. Whereas in patients with hypothyroidism only SOST and TSH levels were increased, but OPG, OC, T3, and T4 levels were low compared to control. The data obtained indicate the correlation on osteoprotegerin, sclerostin, and osteocalcin levels with thyroid hormones disturbances. K e y w o r d s: osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, sclerostin, thyroid disorders.

The COVId-19 pandemic occurred and quickly spread throughout the world. To improve the state of COVID-19 patients, it is important to identify the possible clinical differential diagnostic markers and their correlation with the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, the serum level of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), vitamin d, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in the serum of COV-Id-19 patients were analyzed. Blood samples were collected from 60 patients who attended Isolated Hospital in Tikrit City/Iraq from September to december 2020 and diagnosed by RT-PCR as COVId-19 positive and from 30 healthy individuals. It was shown that COVID-19 patients revealed high serum levels of α-MSH as compared with healthy individuals but low serum levels of vitamin d, calcium, and magnesium which may be recommended as supplements for those patients to increase the innate immune response. K e y w o r d s: calcium, magnesium, vitamin d.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and analyze the strategies and influences of perceived service quality, perceived value, and image on foreign student satisfaction, how to increase it, and the consequences of foreign student satisfaction in private and public universities. The survey data on bachelor's, master's, and PhD college students in higher education, Structural Equation Modeling was used, and the result showed that there is a positive and significant effect of university image on student satisfaction in higher educational institutions, which means that the university image plays a vital role in fulfilling student satisfaction, so the higher educational institution should focus on it as it will be an important tool in the competition with the other institutions.

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