Percutaneous nephrostomy is a relatively safe, minimally invasive, and effective procedure with a low rate of morbidity. Our overall results in term of success rate and major complications are within the threshold limits set by the SIR and ACR. Hence, trained urologists can produce results similar to those of interventional radiologists. Learning of PCN should be mandatory in the training curriculum for all urology residents.

The use of UAS appeared to prevent the onset of septic shock, with no clear benefit in terms of fever and sepsis outcomes. Further studies may help to clarify if the reduction of reabsorption load mediated by UAS is really protective against a poor evolution to life-threatening conditions rather than any postoperative infectious complications.