Objective: We aimed to find out the differences in degree of depression and anxiety experienced by working mother who leave their children at daycare as compared to those who leave them at home. Study Design: Cross Sectional Descriptive study. Setting: Lahore General Hospital Lahore. Period: October, 2019 to March, 2020. Material & Methods: Through random sampling, 100 working mothers participated by filling a structured questionnaire after informed consent. It consisted of 50 women leaving their children at home and 50 women preferring day care centers while being on work. SPSS was used for analyzing the data. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and CES-D was used to calculate anxiety and depression levels respectively. Results: Mild to moderate depression and possibility of major depressive disorder along with moderate and severe anxiety is seen more in women leaving children at day care. Low and middle age, leaving kids at hand of maids, grandparents or day care or less educated family members, concerns regarding upbringing of children contribute to stress of working mothers. Our work shows that married women with their spouses develop more major depressive disorders and severe anxiety as compared to divorcees and widows. Nuclear and high-income families have more trend of leaving their children at day care. Conclusion: This study suggests that the women who leave their children at day care show increased rate of moderate and severe anxiety, mild to moderate depression and the possibility of major depressive disorders as compared to those leaving at home.

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Background: Evidence suggests an association between ABO blood groups and cardiovascular diseases; particularly acute coronary syndromes, a major reason for hospitalization and mortality. Aim: To investigate the association between ABO blood groups and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) frequency. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: United Hospital, Karachi from 1st June 2022 to 31st December 2022. Methods: Two hundred and five participants with a diagnosis of ACS were enrolled in this study. A structured questionnaire was used to gather the data regarding the demographics and clinical characteristics of the patients. By utilizing specific antibodies and the agglutination approach, blood types were identified. ECG, coronary angiography, echocardiography and troponin-I were performed on these patients. Results: Blood groups B+ and O+ among ACS patients had the largest prevalence (35.1 and 28.8%, respectively) and there was a significant association between blood groups and the type of MI (p=0.008). The most frequently diagnosed MI was anterior wall myocardial infarction (AWMI), which is highly prevalent among patients with the type A (+ve) blood group. Moreover, the risk factors were equally prevalent among patients of different blood groups. Conclusions: The frequency of ACS and ABO blood type were significantly correlated and there was no statistically significant correlation between any risk factors under study and blood type. Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome, ABO blood type, Risk factors

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Introduction: Ramadan is a holy month and the majority of Muslims fast in it, without considering background illnesses. SGLT-2 drugs were available for Pakistani patients recently, and this was the first year to fast in their presence.Objectives: To assess the risk of hypoglycemia in fasting diabetics using SGLT-2 drugs, comparing it with Sulphonylurea (SU) drugs. Also, a change in HbA1c and eGFR was checked. Hence, evidence was collected to recommend their use in fasting Diabetics with safety. Material and Methods: A total of 5500 patients from three different sites were included. Only 500 fulfilled the criteria of inclusion. Pregnant, lactating, advanced Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), and those recording hypoglycemia frequently were not included. Ages between 20 to 70 years, HbA1c between 7 to 11, and patients taking SU or SGLT-2 were included. Conclusion: The eGFR was comparable in both groups post-Ramadan. HbA1c was significantly reduced in the SGLT-2 group. Bitter taste and thirst were common with the SU group. Hypoglycemia was comparable in both groups. We concluded that SGLT-2 drugs were safe during Ramadan, and caused more HbA1c reduction.