Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first discovered in December 2019 in China and has rapidly spread worldwide. Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and their association with the outcome of patients with COVID-19 can be decisive in management and early diagnosis. Data were obtained retrospectively from medical records of 397 hospitalized COVID-19 patients between February and May 2020 in Imam Reza Hospital, northeast Iran. Clinical and laboratory features were evaluated among survivors and nonsurvivors. The correlation between variables and duration of hospitalization and admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) was determined. Male sex, age, hospitalization duration, and admission to ICU were significantly related to mortality rate. Headache was a more common feature in patients who survived ( p = 0.017 ). It was also related to a shorter stay in the hospital ( p = 0.032 ) as opposed to patients who experienced chest pain ( p = 0.033 ). Decreased levels of consciousness and dyspnea were statistically more frequent in nonsurvivors ( p = 0.003 and p = 0.011 , respectively). Baseline white blood cell (WBC) count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly higher in nonsurvivors ( p < 0.001 ). Patients with higher WBC and CRP levels were more likely to be admitted to ICU ( p = 0.009 and p = 0.001 , respectively). Evaluating clinical and laboratory features can help clinicians find ways for risk stratifying patients and even make predictive tools. Chest pain, decreased level of consciousness, dyspnea, and increased CRP and WBC levels seem to be the most potent predictors of severe prognosis.

Regarding fast development of the nanotechnology and the probably of it’s side effects on aquatic body organs, this study investigate the effects of nanosilver administration on histology of gill, kidney and biochemical parameters in common carp. The silver nanoparticles were synthesized in a one-step reduction process in an aqueous solution. 60 O. mykiss were obtained from a local commercial hatchery. Fish were divided randomly into four groups. Control group was kept in dechlorinated tap water without any add-on material. Experimental groups were exposed to concentration of 3, 300 and 1000 mg/L of nanosilver solution for eight weeks, respectively. Biochemical analyses of sera, histological alterations of the gill and kidney tissue were done. Aneurism in the secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of epithelium in gills, adhesion of the gill lamellae, inducing hyaline cast formation, significant decreasing in the glomerular diameter and formation of intra cytoplasmic vacuoles in the various urinary tubules were seen in experimental groups. The serum levels of total protein was decreased significantly (P < 0.05) by increasing nanosilver concentration but ALP, LDH, AST and ALT increased significantly (P < 0.05). It is concluded that nanosilver induces gill and kidney damages and changes the biochemical parameters of O. mykiss juveniles in different concentrations.

Background: A professional football player sustains 2 injuries per season on average. Lower extremity injuries are the most common injuries among football players. To

Recent prophylactic treatment options and diagnostic tools show a suboptimal improvement in patients with renal angiomyolipoma (AML). This study was an attempt to review management strategies applied before invasive options. An extensive research on medical databases such as PubMed and Scopus was performed from 1999 to 2016 using the following keywords: 'kidney', 'renal', and 'angiomyolipoma'. All related studies on patients treating with conservative or minimally-invasive procedures were included. However, reports on surgical treatments were excluded. Treatment strategies have been selected based on outcomes resulting from computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Fat content and tumor size are the most common used indications for AMLs. Unenhanced CT and chemical shift imaging provide good evidence in case of fat-poor AMLs. Chemical analysis and percutaneous biopsy are recommended in case of a diagnostic challenge. A tumor size of 6 cm or larger in diameter might necessitate invasive treatment, while AMLs patients with tumors around 4 cm may require prophylactic treatment. Of all treatment options, embolization indicated a high risk of reintervention. Moreover, everolimus and sirolimus as 2 inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) have been evaluated in clinical trials and demonstrated promising outcomes. In conclusion, advances in imaging techniques along with mTOR inhibitors and embolic materials potentiate functional outcomes in AMLs.