Introduction: Ca (OH)2 has long been regarded as the “gold standard” of direct pulp-capping materials, Ca(OH)2 is very saoluable in oral fluid, that make tunnel defect and unable to withstand bacterial recolonization. Propolis is a material created from resin gathered by bees (Apis mellifera) from a range of plants and combined with saliva and enzymes to form a nest. Propolis possesses anti-inflammatory properties that are superior to Ca (OH)2. Objective: The purpose of the research was carried out to integrate calcium hydroxide and propolis as pulp capping ingredients. Methods: This study used 30 samples maxillary first molars of Rattus norvegicus divided into 3 groups which were all preparated until perforation; The combination Ca (OH)2 and propolis extract group, calcium hydroxide group, and control group. The cavity was closed with Cention. Teeth section samples were taken from rats after 3 and 7 days then underwent decalcification and histological evaluation under light microscope to identify the presence of odontoblast-like cells, inflammatory cells, and dentinal bridges. Expression of MMP-1 and Collagen type 1 density evaluated with immunohistochemistry (IHC) method. Results: According to the observations, the majority of cells in the Calcium Hydroxide and Propolis extract group showed Collagen type 1 density, whereas the least number of cells showed MMP-1. Conclusion: Compared to calcium hydroxide to a combination of Ca (OH)2 and Propolis extract, MMP1 expression was lower and collagen type 1 density was higher in the rat’s pulp.

Previous research states that adding propolis to powdered dental materials can increase the mechanical strength of the material. To analyze the differences and correlation of dentin elastic moduli and pH value after the exposure of calcium hydroxide, a mixture of propolis and calcium hydroxide, also a mixture of propylene glycol (PG), calcium hydroxide, and propolis. The dentine of bovine incisors was exposed into various compositions of a mixture of propolis, PG, and calcium hydroxide. The measurement of pH value and dentin elasstic moduli was performed after 7 days. To find difference among groups, one-way ANOVA was used, and Honestly significant difference (HSD) Tukey to compare each groups, followed by Pearson to define the correlation. A statistically meaningful difference was recorded between the groups (P < 0.05), and there was correlation between dentin elastic moduli and pH value. The more alkaline the environment, the more rigid the dentin.