Introduction: Lymphoma as a heterogeneous disease has various characteristics not only in the clinical manifestation but also in sociodemographic aspect. Epidemiological data with sociodemographic description in lymphoma is still unexplored. Objective: This study aimed to provide updated and detailed description of lymphoma with emphasis on patient characteristics, sociodemographic data and hematologic findings. Materials and Methods: This was an observational descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The data were from the medical records in Dr. Sardjito Hospital, a national referral hospital in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province Indonesia from 2012 to 2018. All lymphoma patients > 18 years were included. Patients’ characteristics, socio-demographic indicators, tumor characteristic and hematological finding were recorded. The difference of socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics between Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) was analyzed with Chi-Square, Fisher-Exact, and Mann-Whitney test (P <0.05 was statistically significant). Results: There were 675 cases. Male predominated, mean age at diagnosis was 54.1 for NHL and 42.3 for HL. There was significant difference in the mean of age (p=0.000), occupation (P=0.035) and educational level (P=0.020) between NHL and HL patients. B cell NHL was found to be the most common type of lymphoma, with DLBCL being the most common histopathological type. Hematological findings were found to be within the normal range. Conclusion: There are significant difference in the mean of age, occupation and education level between NHL and HL patients. Further study to explain the scientific reasons of the difference are required.

Latar belakang. Infeksi virus SARS-CoV-2 dilaporkan menyerang anak-anak dengan prevalensi 1-5% kasus di dunia. Manifestasi neurologis dapat terjadi pada fase akut maupun subakut infeksi SARS-CoV-2. Gejala neurologi telah ditemukan pada 9,2% pasien anak dengan COVID-19 dan berhubungan dengan perburukan kualitas hidup serta prognosis pasien. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kejadian infeksi SARS-COV-2 pada anak dengan manifestasi neurologi di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Sardjito pada tahun 2021.Metode. Penelitian deskriptif prospektif ini mengambil subjek pasien berusia 0-18 tahun dengan manifestasi neurologi yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Sardjito pada Januari 2021 sampai Januari 2022. Pemeriksaan konfirmasi SARS-CoV-2 dilakukan dengan swab tenggorokan dan cairan serebrospinal yang dianalisis melalui polymerase chain reaction dan/atau antibodi Immunoglobulin G dan M serum.Hasil. Infeksi SARS-CoV-2 ditemukan pada 45,5% pasien ensefalitis/ensefalopati, 30,3% pasien status epileptikus, 21,2% pasien epilepsi, 21,2% pasien gangguan neuromuskular, dan 12,1% pasien stroke. Delapan belas pasien (54,5%) memenuhi kriteria MIS-C. Tidak ditemukan hubungan signifikan antara luaran pasien dengan insidensi infeksi SARS-CoV-2 (p=0,4).Kesimpulan. Infeksi SARS-CoV-2 positif ditemukan cukup tinggi pada pasien dengan manifestasi neurologi. Kejadian multisystem inflammatory syndrome meningkat pada pasien anak dengan manifestasi neurologi yang terinfeksi SARS-CoV-2 sehingga memerlukan pengawasan.

Objective This observational cohort study aims to provide data on pediatric patients with neurological manifestations associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Methods Patients aged <18 with neurologic symptoms and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection from January, 2021 to January, 2022 at the Dr. Sardjito Hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia were evaluated. We used WHO diagnostic criteria to classify patients as MIS-C or non-MIS-C. Demographic information, symptoms, and outcomes were compared between MIS-C and non-MIS-C groups. Results Between January, 2021 and January, 2022, 74 pediatric patients were considered eligible. More than half of the patients were female (54.1%), and 24.3% presented with MIS-C. Length of hospitalization was significantly longer in MIS-C individuals ( P =0.006). The commonest neurological findings were involuntary movements (43.2%) and paresis (27%). The commonest neuroimaging findings were meningoencephalitis (18.9%) and hydrocephalus (22.9%). Among all the variety of neurologic manifestations in non-MIS-C and MIS-C patients, a statistically significant result was found for fever (71.4% vs 100%; P =0.015), altered mental state (14.2% vs 50%, P =0.004), and paresis (33.9% vs 5.5%, P=0.030). Conclusion MIS-C was found in 24% of our patients with acute neurologic symptoms, and most cases (51.8%) had positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody results. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s13312-023-2883-4.

Antibiotic resistance has become a global issue and has had a disastrous impact, increasing patients’ morbidity and mortality. Biofilm formation is one of the factors contributing to bacterial resistance against many antibiotics. As one of the world’s richest sources of plant biodiversity, Indonesia has the potential to develop its natural resources as raw material for medicine. Atuna racemosa Raf. is a native Indonesian plant, that belongs to the Chrysobalanaceae family and grows abundantly in the Maluku Islands. It is widely used in Ambon as cooking spice and massage oil, as well as to treat inflammation including fever, leg inflammation, and diarrhea. Many recent studies have conducted botanical investigations regarding the potential of Atuna racemosa Raf. as a potent antibacterial agent. Many active compounds are found in Atuna racemosa Raf., such as 4'-O-methyl-ent-gallocathechin and (+)-gallocatechin, which are known to be effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, namely Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Atun plants also contain several types of phytochemical components in which additional antibacterial activity was discovered. Accordingly, Atun has the potential to be developed as an alternative antibacterial and antibiofilm source. This narrative review aimed to identify the potential of the Atuna racemosa Raf. Plant as a source of antibacterial and antibiofilm agents, the phytochemical components, and its various extracts, as well as its active compounds. This review is expected to contribute to the discovery of a novel antibacterial and antibiofilm source which is safe and effective, in the context of utilizing Indonesia's biodiversity.